| 摘要: | 近代企業所興起的及時(JIT)生產管理制度，透過合作，成功的整合買賣雙方，提升了企業整體競爭力與利潤。JIT生產所強調的是為高品質、低存貨和減少不必要的浪費。然而，大部分有關整合型存貨模式的文獻裡，大多不考慮貨品的品質，也就是假設供應商所提供的貨品均為良品。但在現實情況裡，由於供應商的生產製程不完善、人為疏忽等問題，導致零售商收到貨品時含有不良品。貨品中含有不良品時，將影響到零售商的存貨水準及訂購的次數。另外，零售商若未經檢驗而將不良品交給消費者，則會引起顧客抱怨，退貨、補貨時甚至要求價格折扣，對企業的經營影響甚鉅。是故，貨品中含有不良品對企業經營者而言，是不可被忽視的。再者，供應商常基於某些經營目的或追求最大經濟利益，往往會根據零售商每次訂購的數量，給予不同的價格優惠（即數量折扣）。因此，零售商對於訂購數量的掌控，將影響現有存貨與訂購策略。如果不良品的產生是由於不完備的生產製程，則管理階層將會考慮透過投資資金以改善生產製程品質，即增加少量的生產成本(如改善製程)以降低因生產不良品而增加的處理費用。
本論文推廣Huang(2002)的整合存貨模式，考慮供應商提供數量折扣，並採取不同的運送策略。第二章考慮供應商每一次運送的產品中含有不良品，零售商採取全面檢查的方式，在不良率分別為常數與隨機變數的情形下，建立含有數量折扣的整合存貨模式。第三章考慮供應商透過投資資金改善生產製程，並在提供數量折扣的情況下，建立另一個的存貨模式。三個模式均以單位時間聯合期望總成本最小為目標，利用傳統的最佳化原理，並各自建立演算法，求出最適解。
Abstract:
The modern enterprise starts JIT production management system which successfully integrated both sides of business to promote competitiveness and profit by the concept of cooperation. The JIT production emphasized on the high quality, the low inventory, and reducing unnecessary waste. However, in the majority of related integrated inventory model literature, most of them didn’t consider the quality, and supposed the items which supplier provides for is perfect. But in realistic situation, the imperfect of supplier''s production processes and artificial negligence caused the retail to receive the items to include defective items which will affect retail''s inventory level and the frequency of orders. Moreover, if the retail has not passed through the inspection, and gave the defective items to consumer, it would cause the customer to complain and they would even request the price discount when return or backup items. It is really great to enterprise''s business. Therefore, defective items cannot be neglected to the enterprise manager. Furthermore, based on certain purpose or pursued maximum economic profit, the supplier often can give the different price discount to the retail. Therefore, the retail controls the order quantity plan which affect the items on hand and the order strategy. If the defective items production occur to incomplete production processes, then the management stratum will be able to consider improve the production quality by investment capital. Namely to increase few production cost will reduce the processing expense which will produce defective items increases.
This paper extends the integrated inventory model of Huang(2002) by considering the supplier provides the quantity discount and adopts differently ships
strategy. In chapter 2, we considered an arrival order lot often contains defective items and the retail inspects all the items. We establish the integrated inventory model involving quantity discount under the number of defective items in an arrival lot is constant and random variable. In chapter 3, we considered the integrated inventory model for investment capital in process quality improvement under quantity discount. The goal of three models takes the unit time joint expectation total cost has the minimum value. We use tradition optimum principle and the development of algorithm and find optimal solution. |
