以統計方法評估PVC醫療器材之潛在毒害效應對新生兒過敏症狀之影響

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Title:	以統計方法評估PVC醫療器材之潛在毒害效應對新生兒過敏症狀之影響
Other Titles:	Using statistical methods to evaluate the potential hazardous effects of PVC medical devices to allergic symptoms in neonates
Authors:	陳怡君;Chen, Yi-chun
Contributors:	淡江大學數學學系碩士班張玉坤;Chang, Yue-cune
Keywords:	聚氯乙烯;新生兒過敏症狀;鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯;PVC;allergic symptoms in neonates;DEHP
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 02:52:07 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	鄰苯二甲酸酯類是聚氯乙烯(PVC)製的醫療器材中，為了提升器材的柔軟性及易曲性，被拿來添加的塑化劑，其中又以鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)最常被使用。許多兒科文獻也已證實新生兒加護病房的嬰兒尿液中能偵測出DEHP的主要代謝物之一，太酸單二乙基己基酯(MEHP)的物質。 2004年曾有瑞典學者 (Bornehag et al, 2004) 以病例--對照研究方法(Case-Control Study)探討鄰苯二甲酸與兒童氣喘(Asthma)及過敏症狀(Allergic Symptoms)的相關性。但該研究被 The European Council for Plasticisers and Intermediates (ECPI)認定為有錯誤，因為他們並未將一些眾所周知與兒童氣喘及其他呼吸相關疾病的重要因子納入考量。另外，在資料蒐集方面，病例組收案條件是: “須於初次受訪前12個月內至少在3種過敏性疾病 (氣喘、過敏性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis)或異位性皮膚炎(Atopic Eczema))中發生2種以上的症狀”，但當時有關居住環境中DEHP濃度的相關訊息無法獲得，而以收案後測得之濃度來分析，難以釐清兩者間因果關係。所以，我們除收錄新生兒使用含PVC醫療器材之種類及數量外，並收錄其雙親及居家環境過敏相關資料。過敏性疾病仍以異位性皮膚炎、過敏性鼻炎、呼吸道過敏及腸胃道症狀為主。嘗試釐清PVC醫療器材之潛在毒害效應是否會對新生兒過敏症狀有顯著影響。研究結果顯示新生兒加護病房(NICU)的嬰兒確實使用醫療器材的頻率比新生兒中心(NBC)的嬰兒高。但其罹患四種過敏性疾病的風險並未因此比新生兒中心的嬰兒高。 Medical devices made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) will add phthalates as the plasticizers to make the devices soft and pliable. The most widely used phthalate in medical devices is DEHP (di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate). Many pediatric related literatures have demonstrated that the intensiveness of DEHP-containing product use in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) neonates is associated with higher exposure to DEHP, as reflected in elevated urinary concentrations of MEHP (mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), which is one of the major urinary metabolites of DEHP. 　　In 2004, a group of Swedish scientists (led by Carl-Gustaf Bornehag) conducted a case-control study to explore the association between asthma and allergic symptoms in children and the use of phthalate plasticizers. However, the European Council for Plasticizers and Intermediates (ECPI) believes this study is flawed as it does not appear to take into consideration a number of key factors which are widely known and accepted as being significant contributors to asthma and other respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the authors indicate within the introduction that the cases and controls were actually selected from an early cross-sectional survey. Therefore, cases had at least two out of three symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic eczema at the start of the study, before any environmental samples were collected. This raises the real possibility that the phthalate-disease associations were a result of case status, rather than a cause. 　　Therefore, besides all information about the PVC medical devices, the parental and household allergic information will be recorded. The allergic symptoms we focus on are stomach symptom, allergic breathing passages, allergic rhinitis or atopic eczema. In this study, we try to figure out whether the potential hazardous of PVC medical devices have significant effects to allergic symptoms in neonates directly or not. The results of this study showed that the frequency of using PVC medical devices in NICU was significantly higher than NBC. However, the risks of four allergic symptoms in both units were no significant difference.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute & Department of Mathematics] Thesis

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