OECD諸國總體生產效率與生產力之研究

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题名:	OECD諸國總體生產效率與生產力之研究
其它题名:	Study on production efficiency and productivity for OECD countries
作者:	林郁雯;Lin, Yu-wen
贡献者:	淡江大學經濟學系碩士班黃台心;Huang, Tai-hsin
关键词:	總要素生產力;生產力;隨機生產邊界;產出彈性;技術效率;效率;規模效果;環境變數;定態性;TFP;productivity;stochastic production frontier;output elasticity;technical efficiency;efficiency;scale effect;environmental variable,;stationarity
日期:	2006
上传时间:	2010-01-11 02:13:43 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究採用總體生產函數為研究對象，考慮各總體變數具有非定態性以及整體環境因素的差異，建立一總產出成長模型，同時導入生產效率與生產力觀念，估計OECD與東亞十國共34國的總體生產效率，進一步分解總要素生產力(TFP)，探討其決定因素為何，進行跨國比較。根據產出成長模型估計結果，把樣本分為七大工業國、亞洲四小龍、亞洲非四小龍(5國)、以及其餘的樣本國(18國)等四群組。實證結果，所有資本與勞動的產量彈性平均值均為正，而規模彈性僅有七大工業國的平均值大於1，其餘的區域都小於1，屬於規模報酬遞減的特性，表示若所增加的要素投入均增加1倍時，總產量增加的比例小於1倍，即生產規模過大，建議縮小規模、亦或加快技術進步、提升生產效率。在TFP成長的決定因素方面，整體而言，主要因素在於技術進步。茲依據本研究相關於台灣的發現與結論，簡述如下。我國資本和勞動的平均產量彈性皆低於樣本平均值，為達到有效促進生產提升勞力素質以及加速投資為當務之急。平均規模彈性估計值約0.5970，尚未達最適生產規模；在二氧化碳密度平均值高達1.1489，環境污染防制極需改善。 This paper proposes an aggregate production function, in which all of the variables are expressed in the first difference form to eliminate the nonstationarity of the variables. To estimate production efficiency and the total factor productivity (TFP), we collect data for 34 countries of OECD and East Asia in the period 1985-2000. After obtaining the parameter estimates, the rate of change of TFP is decomposed into technical progress, rate of change in technical efficiency, and scale effects. We find that the average output elasticity capital and labor are both positive. Divided the sample countries into four categories, i.e., G-7, non G-7, four Asian dragons, and non Asian dragons. Evidence is found that the value of scale effect of G-7 is greater than one, the rest of three categories are less than one. Generally speaking, the technical progress dominates the other two components to TFP growth. Valuable policy implications for Taiwan can be drawn on the basis of our empirical results. Due to the output elasticity of labor and capital in Taiwan are much lower than the sample average, it should work every efforts to promote the labor quality and to accelerate the investment. The average estimate of scale effect is merely 0.5970, implying that there is large room to improve its production scale. Moreover, the average density of Carbon Dioxide is reaching the edge 1.1489. The regulation of pollutions is deeply in need.
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