| 摘要: | 我國因為人口老化及平均餘命、慢性病罹病率的升高，未來將面臨長期照顧需求大量增加。2000年普查顯示，需長期照顧人口中，有九成以上由家庭成員提供照顧工作，表示需接受照護之病患是以「家庭照顧」方式為主要選擇，這也凸顯出家庭及家庭照顧者，在長期照顧期間扮演著十分重要的角色。但由於人口結構的轉型，當家庭面臨長期照顧問題時，完全由家庭資源及人力負擔照顧工作是一個巨大的壓力。政府有鑑於此，在設計長期照顧體制時，已開始注意到家庭照顧者的負荷及壓力，故發展多項支持性服務，希望藉由制度的推行可以減輕照顧者的負擔，進而延長病患在家受照顧的時間，達到「在地老化」之目的。從文獻發現目前僅有少數之研究以一般戶為研究對象，故本文將針對一般家戶個案之家庭進行研究，探討家庭照顧者使用各項支持性服務之情形及影響使用服務的因素和預測自費使用服務意願的影響因素，以提供政府未來修改或規劃制度時的建議。
研究結果發現，政府提供之各項支持性服務上，多數服務的使用率並不高。有超過一半的照顧者是透過親朋好友、病友會或自己上網搜尋的管道，得知該項服務的訊息。而未使用服務原因，以「不知道可申請」為主因。
另發現使用各項長期照顧服務之影響因素不盡相同，但以前傾因素的病患年齡、病患婚姻狀況及促使因素的照顧者就業狀況、照顧方式，影響最多項服務之使用，而需要因素從研究結果看來，是較不會影響服務使用與否的因子。
而自費使用服務意願受到前傾因素中病患年齡、照顧者教育程度、照顧責任看法和促使因素中照顧方式、家庭平均月收入及每月看護費用之影響，需求因素則未影響使用服務時的自費意願。
Due to ageing population, the increase in average life expectancy at birth and chronic disease morbidity, Taiwanese future will face a substantial increase in long-term care needs. The population census of year 2000 shows that of all the long-term care population, over 90 percent need care from family members, which means that for most patients, "family care" approach is their primary choice. The result highlights that families and caregivers play a very important role during the long-term care. However, due to transition of current demographic structure, when families face long-term care issue, the long-term care bore entirely by family resources have caused huge pressure to them. In view of this, the Taiwanese government, when designing the long-term care system, has begun to take family caregivers burden and pressure into consideration. The development of a number of support services through the implementation of the system can reduce the burden of care, thus extending the patients home-care time, which achieve the purpose of so called "aging in place". The current academic literature found that seldom studies focus their subject on general households. Therefore, this paper will target the general case of family households, and carry out a study on the use of family care support services. The paper also intend to find out the circumstances of the factors affecting the use of services at their own expense, and projected use Services will of the factors affecting the future to provide the planning system or modify the recommendations.
The results showed that the Government does provide various support services, however, the utility level of majority of services are not high. More than half of all patients search for the related information through internet channel or by the help of caregivers, friends and family. The main reason for not using the public service could attribute to: "I do not know where I can apply".
Another finding is that factors affect the use of the long-term care services are not the same. The Predisposing factors to the patients’ age, marital status, and the Enabling factors to the patients’ employment situation, ways of care, impact most use of services. From the results of research, the need factor does not affect the use of services.
The use of services at their own expenses will be affected by the Predisposing factors to patients with age, education level of caregivers, the views of caring responsibility, and the Enabling factors to the average monthly household income and monthly cost of care; Need factors did not affect the use of the services at their own expense. . |
