約克安特衛普規則係國際間為統一共同海損規範所制定之規則，自西元1860年格拉斯哥決議開始每二十至二十五年隨著海洋運輸型態變遷而修訂，目前最新之修訂於西元2004年國際海事委員會第三十八屆溫格華會議所通過，稱之為「2004年約克安特衛普規則」。 2004年約克安特衛普規則將大部分救助報酬、避難港停留期間船員工資與給養費用排除於共同海損之外，臨時修理費用認定受限，刪除墊付共同海損手續費之支付，將傳統固定利率改為浮動利率方式，並增訂請求權訴訟時效規定，通過修訂之條文大幅限縮共同利益範圍，刪除過去船東可獲得的節省，勢必改變船東與貨主共同海損分攤之分配，連帶亦影響船舶與貨物保險人損失支出之增減消長。 經由新制約安規則修訂之影響，可預見共同海損制度將朝向理算規則與程序簡化之目標邁進，共同海損案件亦將隨著船東趨於保守之態度而有所下降，小額共同海損條款使用之情形也將增加，以避免小額共同海損理算的不經濟；另一方面經由理算項目的減少，共同海損金額亦將下降，預期將可降低海上保險人損失賠款支出，並有新險種需求產生之可能；整體而言，新制約安規則係有利於貨主而損及船東利益，使得共同利益與共同安全的衝突關係有新的平衡產生。 York-Antwerp Rules is the rule that made in order to unify the general average. It is revised from The Glasgow Resolutions 1860 every 20 to 25 years with the type of the ocean transportations. The newest revision is called as York-Antwerp Rules passed in the 38th Meeting of International Maritime Committee in 2004. 2004 York- Antwerp Rules expects for mostly salvage claims and port of refuge expenses, limits temporary repairs expenses, deletes the commissions which pays for the service charge of the general average, changes the traditional fixed interest rate into the floating interest rate, adds the regulation of time bar. The new rules limits the range of the common interests range, deletes the passed saving of the shipowner. It certainly will change contribution in general average between shipowner and owner of cargo, also influence maritime insurers on the claims. The new rules will make general average towards more simple. The general average cases will decline with the shipowner’s conservative attitude, the small general average clause will decrease too. On other hand, because of the reduction of the adjusting projects, the amount of general average will also drop. It will reduce maritime insurer’s claims. The new rules is good to the owner of cargo and bad to shipowner, common interests and common safe produces new balance.
