中國建設世界一流大學政策之研究 : 以北京大學為例

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Title:	中國建設世界一流大學政策之研究 : 以北京大學為例
Other Titles:	A study on the policy of constructing the world-class universities in China : a case study of Peking University
Authors:	唐嘉彥;Tang, Chia-yen
Contributors:	淡江大學教育政策與領導研究所碩士班楊瑩;Chan, Ying
Keywords:	世界一流大學;「211工程」;「985工程」;北京大學;World-Class University;“211 Project”;“985 Project”;Peking University
Date:	2006
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 00:16:17 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在探討中國建設世界一流大學的現行政策。為達成此研究目的，本研究以文件分析法、個案研究法及深度訪談法等三種為主要研究方法，並以北京大學為個案研究的對象。至於訪談的對象則包括12位大學教師及10位研究生。本研究的結論主要可從下述四方面說明：一、在「世界一流大學」相關內涵部份：（一）學術界對「世界一流大學」之界定多以概念型定義為主，鮮用操作型定義；（二）「世界一流大學」的特徵有共同性亦有差異性；（三）審視「世界一流大學」應兼重描述性質化標準與量化指標；（四）「世界一流大學」概念具有相對、動態及模糊等特性。二、在中國「世界一流大學政策」之推動與執行情形部份：（一）中國建設世界一流大學的政策可溯自1950-1970年代的「重點大學」與 1980年代的「重中之重」等政策；（二）目前中國的「世界一流大學政策」係指「211工程」與「985工程」，惟二者的特色與內涵仍有區別。三、在中國「世界一流大學政策」對其高等教育之影響部份：（一）中國「世界一流大學政策」的提出，促使其高等教育呈現金字塔型的發展模式；（二）中國「世界一流大學政策」的實施帶動了地方高等教育的發展；（三）中國的「世界一流大學政策」明顯改善了參與大學的辦學基礎、學校地位、對教師的吸引力和國際化意識。四、在北京大學的世界一流大學建設部份：（一）北京大學採取多階段方式來進行世界一流大學的建設工作；（二）北京大學透過教學、科研體制、管理制度、人事制度的改革來達成實踐建設世界一流大學的目標；（三）在中國的高等學校裡，北京大學具有多方面建設世界一流大學的優勢，但另一方面卻也面臨到環境和制度等方面的限制或問題。最後，本研究根據上述研究結果，進一步對台灣教育主管機關及後續研究者提出相關建議。 The purpose of the study is mainly, by adopting the methods of document analysis, case study, and in-depth interview, to explore the current policies of constructing world-class universities in China. The case chosen in this study is Peking University, and the samples of interview include 12 academics in Universities and 10 graduate students. The main conclusions of this study can be summarized from the following four aspects: 1. As to the concept of the World-Class University, there have not been unified definitions among academics, and it is a considerably relative concept in essence. The characteristics of the “World-Class University” also vary with scholars, though there exist some common features, which include both of quantitative indicators, as well as qualitative ones. 2. As to the policies of constructing the world-class universities in China, there are following findings: (1) The policies of constructing the world-class universities in China have a long history, deriving from the related policies in the 1950s. (2) The current policies of constructing the world-class universities in China are so-called “211 Project” and “985 Project”, which differ from each other. 3. As to the influences of the related policies on higher education in China. The findings are: (1) Higher education in China has formed a clear Pyramid Mode. (2) The related policies initiated by the central government have resulted in the development of higher education at regional or local levels. (3) The implementation of related policies has stimulated the greater participation of individual universities, improve the status, and quality of universities. 4. As to the case study of Peking University, there are the following findings: (1) The strategies of the Peking University moving toward “World-Class” are designed and carried out by different stages. (2) An overall reform of the university system, including the improvement of teaching and research, reorganization of its structure, management systems and personal administration, have been made in the past few years. (3) In establishing the university a “World-Class” one, Peking University has its advantages, as well as disadvantages. Based on the above findings and conclusions, related suggestions are thereby drawn in the final chapter.
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