歐盟青少年政策之研究

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Title:	歐盟青少年政策之研究
Other Titles:	A study on youth policy of European Union
Authors:	楊淯寊;Yang, Yu-chen
Contributors:	淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士班趙美盈;Chao, Mei-ying
Keywords:	歐盟聯盟;青少年;青少年交流;志願服務;青少年政策;開放協調法;輔助原則;青少年計劃;European Union;Youth;Youth Exchange;Voluntary Service;Youth Policy;Open Method of Coordination;OMC;Principle of Subsidiarity;Youth Programme
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 00:03:21 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2005年，法國警方在盤查過程中造成兩名非裔青少年死亡的事件在巴黎引起近三週的暴動，此事件除了突顯種族問題，更讓青少年群體受到社會大眾及世界上各國的注目。對於青少年群體占其總人口數12.7%的歐盟來說，歐盟更是積極運用歐盟層級的諮詢活動來得知歐盟青少年需求為何，並根據諮詢的結果發展其歐盟青少年政策，讓歐盟境內的青少年得以施展其抱負，對社會做出最大的貢獻，讓青少年不再只是社會的問題，在加以投資、栽培後，青少年群體更應該是未來社會的希望。　　在2001年以前，歐盟僅針對特定的青少年需求制定不同的計劃，在2001年頒佈白皮書後，才使得歐盟青少年政策更趨完善，也促進日後的政策發展。現今歐盟青少年面臨許多如人口老化及低生育率等挑戰，希冀有切合歐盟青少年需求之青少年政策，才有助於青少年有效解決就學或進入勞動市場等之困難。本研究希望藉由對歐盟青少年政策之內容作深入之探討，研究歐盟青少年政策對應歐盟青少年需求之回應策略、評估歐盟青少年政策之成效及歸納歐盟青少年政策之重點。　　本研究依據輔助原則及開放協調法二項原則來討論歐盟青少年政策，從相關法源依據、政策沿革、計劃實施內容及成效、政策特色來探討歐盟青少年政策的實際內容，共分為六章：第一章為緒論；第二章為青少年的定義、需求與權利，由於各國對於青少年之定義、需求及權利多無一致的觀點，因此於以先歸納及整理；第三章為歐盟青少年政策之法源依據與發展沿革，探討歐盟相關青少年政策之各條約規定及自1980年代至今的各項計劃或實施；第四章為歐盟青少年之內容分析，探討歐盟各單位之權責、兩項主要原則－輔助原則及開放協調法及主要計劃－「青少年計劃」之詳盡內容；第五章為歐盟青少年政策之評估，分為二部分，首先歸納政策下各計劃之執行成果，第二部分則是討論開放協調法在歐盟青少年政策之成效；第六章則為結論。 In 2005, the incident causing the deaths of two African migrant young people triggered the riots which lasted for almost 3 weeks in Paris. This incident pointed out not only racism but also the importance of young people in any country in the world. In EU, about 12.7 percentage of its total popularity are young people at the age from 15 to 25. Hence, EU uses constant consultations to be informed of the needs of the young people in EU. Moreover, EU develops its youth policy according to the results of those EU-level consultations to help young people fulfill their aspirations and ambitions or cope with their difficulties. EU believes that young people shouldn’t be the problem of the society but the hope of the future. Before 2001, EU only set up different programmes for some specific needs of young people. However, the youth policy of EU became sounder and more complete after the white paper on youth in 2001. The white paper plays an important role in fostering the development of the youth policy of EU. Besides, nowadays young people face many challenges like ageing of population, low birth rate and increased longevity. They need a better and sounder youth policy to help them tackle their difficulties in studying and getting into the labor market. Through looking into the content of the youth policy of EU, this study discusses how EU responds to what the young people in EU need, assesses the youth policy and also sums up the main features of the youth policy of EU. This study is based on two main principles of youth policy of EU, the principle of Subsidiarity and the Open Method of Coordination, and it expounds the relevant regulation of EU, the development of the policy, the content and evaluation of the programmes and the main points of the policy. Chapter 1 introduces the motives, purposes, method, scope, limitations, and the structure of the study. Chapter 2 sums up different definitions, needs and rights of young people since there are no coherent points of view in most of the countries in the world. Chapter 3 explores the regulation and development of youth policy of EU from 1980s to the latest programme, Youth in Action 2007-2013. Chapter 4 analyzes the content of the youth policy of EU, and thus it brings up the duties of EU institutions, the principle of Subsidiarity and the Open Method of Coordination and the detailed content of the Youth programme. Chapter 5 assesses the achievements of youth policy of EU. It is divided into two parts, the first part deals with the achievements of each programme and the other part discusses those of the Open Method of Coordination. Chapter 6 is the conclusion of this study.
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