歐盟官方發展援助對馬拉威發展的政策與行動(2000-2005)

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Title:	歐盟官方發展援助對馬拉威發展的政策與行動(2000-2005)
Other Titles:	Eu's ODA policy and action in development of Malawi (2000-2005)
Authors:	蘇家億;Su, Chia-yi
Contributors:	淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士班蔡政文;Tsai, Cheng-wen
Keywords:	歐洲聯盟;馬拉威;對外援助;官方發展援助;後冷戰;發展政策;發展合作;千禧年目標;非加太;科都努協定;援外合作辦公室;European Union;Malawi;foreign aid;official development assistance;Post-Cold War;development policy;development cooperation;MDGs;ACP;Cotonou agreement;AIDCO
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 00:00:45 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	歷經五十餘載的發展，歐盟不僅逐漸成為一全球行為者，其在國際官方發展援助的支出也越來越展露其重要性。對外援助一般被視為是西方國家慈善的作為，然而我們亦不可忽略其背後的政治意涵，例如冷戰時期西方國家利用援助來制約共產主義的擴張，對外援助也被當做國家的國際政治工具來使用。在過去的援助政策中，歐盟特別獨厚於非加太地區，但在現今冷戰結束與全球化的影響下，我們欲了解這樣的情況是否持續，以及援助背後的動機與目的。本文將藉學者John White的援助國導向理論，做為了解歐盟對外援助本質的研究方法，對於歐盟行使援助的政治和經濟目的進行探討；並佐以現實主義來解釋其行為。本文的研究內容包含對歐盟援助政策和實際援助內容的說明。就歐盟對外援助政策的內容、制定方式、影響的內、外因素及發展來探究歐盟援助的本質。並從現有的援助機制、策略及現況，以及歐盟對於馬拉威的援助行動為個案，來了解其行使狀況和過程中的問題。最後再就影響歐盟援助的因素和執行成效進行說明，並對歐盟的援助行為進行評估。研究發現，歐盟對於馬拉威的援助行動不算成功，因為援助的過程中有太多因素須列入考量。除援助政策和計畫的設計外，受援者與執行單位的能力亦是影響的重要因素。 Since the establishment of European Community in 1957, European Union is becoming a global actor in the international society, and its contribution to the share of official development assistance (ODA) is respectable. People might thing that foreign aid was offered because of the motive of charity and humanity, however, we should not disregard its meaning of politics. For example, western states used foreign aid as a tool to restrict the expansion of communism in the cold war era; foreign aid could be treated as a means of international politics. In the past, European Union showed great favor to the ACP countries in its ODA distribution. But nowadays, the cold war has become history and the effect of globalization is considerable, in this circumstance, this study focused on the continuity of its policy and motive for offering aid. The donor-oriented aid theory by John White and the concept of realism in international relation theories would be used as method to analysis in this article. In this thesis, the content of aid policy, the factor and the decision-making processes would be discussed, in order to understand the meaning of EU’s aid policy. And it would also look into the aid mechanism, strategy, state of play and the action in Malawi to know its activities in the field. Finally, the effectiveness, the factors influencing and the evaluation of EU’s aid. EU’s action in Malawi was not very success, because there were too many factors involve in the process. The aid policy and strategy were important, and the capabilities of recipient country and implement were also influential.
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