郵政民營化的探討—以德國郵政改革為例

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Title:	郵政民營化的探討—以德國郵政改革為例
Other Titles:	Privatization in postal service - a study of German postal reform
Authors:	林冠宇;Lin, Kuan-yu
Contributors:	淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士班劉一成;Liu, Yi-cheng
Keywords:	郵政改革;民營化;普及服務;專營權;德國郵政;Postal Reform;Privatization;Universal Service;DPWN(Deutsche Post World Net);ROE;ROA
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 00:00:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	各國郵政事業自1980年代後期開始，隨網路與通訊科技的發展並民眾用郵習慣的改變，出現越來越嚴峻的營運挑戰。德國因不堪長年的營運虧損與政府財政赤字壓力，於1989年開始進行郵政民營化改革工程。後隨歐洲統合與郵政改革的推動，德國郵政事業也積極面對歐盟郵政市場開放指令。在1989-2008將近20年的改革歷程，歷經三次郵政改革階段，並不斷迎向國際化、自由化與民營化的挑戰下，德國郵政以其併購整合策略從虧損連年的僵固體制蛻變成涵蓋郵政、金融、國際快遞與國際物流的大型控股集團。本研究目的在探尋德國郵政民營化的原因；分析德國郵政改革的正反結果；並評估政策的可行性。本文研究方法除文獻分析與歷史研究途徑外，主要透過比較分析法將德國經驗與日、荷、英、美等國郵政改革作比較；以業內損益、股東權益報酬率(ROE)與總資產報酬率(ROA)等分析改革成效；並以郵局設備、投遞率、價格與普及服務等角度分析德郵公共性的維護。本文研究結果包括: 1. 德國郵政改革提升績效，減少財政赤字。 2. 向市場籌資，使德國郵政跨足新事業，發展新經營策略。 3. 因普及服務維護政策，並未明顯損及公共性。 4. 改革後價格略高，應提升競爭並降低不公平條件。 5. 長期來看市場自由化有助德國發揮最適市場規模。 While internet and telecommunication are embrassing fast development, the postal operators around the world are facing tremendous challenges starting late 1980’s. Due to loss-making performance and the government deficit, in year 1989 the German post office (Deutsche Post) initials the postal reform. From 1989 to year 2009, Deutsche Post takes 20 years to shake off the deadlocked organization and the perennial deficit of the postal operation, and turn it into an international corporation which includes postal, financial, express and logistic services. With the on-going precess of Germna postal reform and achievements of European integration, Deutsche Post vigorously preparing himself for privatization, liberlisation, and globalization.In this thesis we focus on the reasons of German postal privatization, the pros and cons of German experiences, and evaluation of the feasibility of German reform. Besides Literary Analysis and Historical Research Method, this research mainly employs Comparative Analysis to compare German experience with Netherlands’, British, Japaness and American postal reform. We apply index such as operating income, ROE(return on equity), ROA(return on Assets) to examine the reform results, and evaluate the maintainance of public interest with number of permanent post offices, on-time delivery, price cap and re-regulation of universal services. The resultes of this study are as follows: 1.Deutsche Post improved the performance and lower the government''s deficit. 2.By raising money form capital market, Deutsche Post expanded to new business and scale. 3.Public interest has been sustained by Universal Service maintain policies. 4.Price is slightly higher, should be lowered by increasing market competition. 5.In the long term, postal market liberalization could boost Deutsche Post’s optimal Scale of Economic.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of European Studies] Thesis

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