| Abstract: | 日本於2009年5月21日開始實施裁判員制度。裁判員制度是國民參與刑事審判與法官共同做有罪、無罪之判斷；以及如為有罪決定應判以何種刑罰之制度。藉由國民之參與司法，期待將健全的社會常識反應於司法中，可促使民主主義之實質化，加深國民對司法之了解及提高國民對於司法之信賴。
裁判員制度是於有權選舉眾議院議員之選舉人中選出裁判員參加刑事審判之制度，裁判員出席刑事審判之審理、聽取證據、與法官對等的討論、判斷被告有罪或無罪。如為有罪之情況，再進一步於法律規定之範圍內決定宣告被告應處以何種刑罰。裁判員制度之對象事件為殺人罪、強盗致死傷罪、傷害致死罪、現住建造物等放火罪、以贖金為目的之誘拐罪等之以重大犯罪被起訴之案件，原則上以六名裁判員與三名法官擔任一個案件之審理。裁判員於審判期日到庭出席刑事審判之審理，審判期間盡可能以連日開庭之方式進行集中審理。為因應連日開庭集中審理，法官檢察官辯護人先於審判期間進行審判前整理程序，檢察官開示之持有之證據、整理爭點、建立審理計畫等。審判審理結束之時，裁判員與法官討論被告有罪或無罪，以及如為有罪之情況，應宣告處以何種刑罰。關於有罪與無罪之判斷以及刑罰之選擇，裁判員與法官具有等同之權限。對於此，有關訟訟程序之問題或法律之解釋僅由法官來判斷。
評議以全員一致為目標進行討論，但至終皆無法達到全員一致之情況，則以多數決進行評決。判決宣告之同時裁判員終了其任務。
現今世界已有八十以上之國家或地域導入並實施國民參與刑事司法審判之制度。以主要八國首腦會議之參加國而言，美國、英國、加拿大、俄羅斯採用陪審制度；義大利、德國、法國採用參審制度之所謂的國民參加制度。司法院已於2006年12月完成「國民參審試行條例」草案初稿，導入國民主權之司法民主化觀念，創立國民參與刑事審判制度之構想。本論文之研究乃藉由參考各先進國家之參審制度，導入適合新時代及我國國情之司法制度，以期實現更為貼近國民及容易為國民使用之司法。
Lay judge system starts on May 21, 2009 in Japan. Lay judge system participates in the criminal trial by the citizens, judges guiltiness and innocence with the judge, and is a system that decides the penalty for guiltiness. The citizen participation in trials reflects healthy social common sense in administration of justice, and it is the one to make democracy substance or more, and, as a result, trust is expected for understanding to administration of justice to deepen, and to rise.
The lay judge attends the trial of the criminal trial, looks at evidence, hears, discusses equally as the judge, and judges whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. To what penalty it sentences in addition for guiltiness within the range decided in the law is decided. The object event of Lay judge system is the suspicion of the high crime. As a rule, six lay judges and three judges take charge of one event.
As for the system that the citizens participate in the criminal trial, the world is introduced in the country and the region of 80 or more. It is established. In G8 (the main eight-country summit) attending countries, the citizens participation system where United States, Britain, Canada, Russia is called the jury system and Italy, Germany, France a judge-and-jury system is adopted.
The research of this thesis expects to understand the system of lay judges that each country executed and a suitable system for the reference of our country is introduced, the achievement of more familiar use of justice for the citizen is expected. |
