日治時期桃園大圳建設 : 澤井組を中心として

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Title:	日治時期桃園大圳建設 : 澤井組を中心として
Other Titles:	日治時期桃園大圳建設 : 以澤井組為中心 The construction of Taoyuan canal during Japanese-occupied period : a viewpoint from Sawaigumi
Authors:	范德星;Fan, Te-hsing
Contributors:	淡江大學日本研究所碩士在職專班齋藤司良
Keywords:	日據時期;桃園大圳;嘉南大圳;八田與一;埤塘;北海道鐵道;Japanese-Occupied Period;Taoyuan Canal;kanan Canal;領台期;八田與一;台湾大年表;日本鉄道請負業史
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2010-01-10 23:51:14 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	日治時期的台灣總督府在「工業日本,農業台灣」的政策下，為了補充日本國內食用米糧食不足，積極在台灣開拓農地，改良稻米品種，改進耕作技術，改進灌溉設施以增加稻米產量供應本島及日本內地之需求，桃園大圳就是在這種背景下進行的農業基礎建設。主要目的如上所述，但對往後這一塊土地及農民而言，不可諱言具有相當程度的貢獻,本文主要在探討，從大正5（1916）年到大正11（1922）年桃園大圳的建設的經過,桃園大圳的建設比嘉南大圳早4年興建,本大圳總工程建設費1,242萬圓,國庫支出774萬圓,約佔了3/5,當時還沒有採用大型土木機械,完全採用人力興建,其辛苦與危險可想而知,同時探討承包本大圳難度最高最長的隧道的澤井組的興衰過程。澤井組的創辦者澤井市造生於江戶時代嘉永3（1850）年,從小父母雙亡,寄人籬下,養成堅忍不拔的個性,因為好勝不服輸且頑皮,小學即中輟,做過船員,後來展轉在鐵路大師工學博士松本莊一郎底下工作,得到松本莊一郎充分的信任,進而習得鐵路建設技術,投入北海道鐵路建設,明治26（1893）年投入有馬祖, 明治28（1895）年以有馬祖工事部長身份來，後獨立成為澤井組,投入台灣鐵路建設、官廳舍建設,埤圳建設,創立台北消防組兼任組頭,熱心公益大公無私,是一位草莽性俠義性很強的傳奇性人物,明治45（1912）年7月逝世於台北,享年63歲. 澤井市造逝世之後由其子澤井市良繼承,大正2（1913）成立合資會社澤井組.大正5（1916）承包桃園大圳導水路三號、四號隧道工程,此段隧道最長土質鬆軟,動不動就崩塌,因此有供養塔上所記載55名施工人員犧牲,其中日本人41名,台灣人14名.當我們享受灌溉便利之餘,也應緬懷當年犧牲的這些先人的辛勞,記住歷史上曾經發生的事. During the period governed by Japan, Taiwan governor-general palace following “Industrialize Japan, Agriculturize Taiwan”policy,　in order to replenish Japanese local rice insufficiency, they opened up cultivated land in Taiwan actively, to improve the type of rice, improve the technique of farming, improve the irrigating facilities, to increase the rice output, supply the needs of Taiwan and Japan, Taoyuan Canal was under this background to be built. Frankly speaking this facilities has big contribution to this land and the people for long term, this thesis is try to find the history of Taoyuan Canal construction from 1916 to 1922, there is no any big automatic machine to be used at that period, all are by manpower, it was very hard and dangerous, meanwhile to find the history of Taoyuan Canal tunnel contract Sawaigumi. The creator of Sawaigumi is Mr.Ichizo Sawai, he was born in 1850, his parents were died in his childhood, he was very naughty and did not like study, he was drop out from primary school, he was used to be a sailor, afterward he worked under railway expert Dr.Soichiro Matsumoto, he was trust by Dr.Soichiro Matsumoto, learned the skill of railway construction, he came to Taiwan in 1895, created Sawaigumi in 1898,he was contract with many construction project which including railway ,government office and irrigating facilities which including Taoyuan Canal tunnel construction. Just like the stele which carved with 55 of name who died in this tunnel construction project.We are here to have the benefit of this irrigating facilities should thank these died people,　and memorize this history.
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