| 摘要: | 1993年，第一具女性屍體在墨西哥奇瓦瓦省華雷斯市郊被尋獲，接著警方將一名美籍埃及裔兇手逮捕入獄，並處以30年監禁。 然而，發生於美墨邊境華雷斯市的虐殺埋屍事件並未隨之落幕。 從1993年至今，已有超過300名婦女慘遭不名人士以綁架、性虐待、肢解等手段凌虐至死。年齡層分佈，從10至35歲。這些不幸的女性大多都具有出身貧窮、勞工身份等共同特徵。1998年開始至2003年，墨西哥國家人權委員會、拉丁美洲人權委員會及國際特赦組織等人權機構，相繼針對一系列的謀殺事件致意，並敦請政府對此現象賦予重視。為此，2004年，由政府主導的特別檢察院於焉而生，並試圖以2006年所發表「最終報告」來終止12年來，外界對此歪風的揣測。然而，這些連續不幸事件，除反映全球化下女性安全問題外，亦突顯女性意識及其地位在墨西哥社會中之不足。
本論文，從女性主義角度出發，以「莫瑟因果模型」(Caroline Moser)建構出謀殺女性事件的可能原因，旨在探討此一現象背後所代表的社會意涵，以重新檢視墨國女性意識與墨西哥社會間之關係。此現象的產生，除了犯罪者的可議心態外，在其具濃重父權色彩的社會文化面向中，乃隱含著社會所賦予女性的從屬概念。 整個事件發展除了突顯性別暴力、司法體制、國際分工問題外，更可發現墨國社會對女性長存以久的不平等待遇，以及自殖民時期開始，深植至今的社會階層，造成底層人民的習於壓抑，再加上美、墨二國相輔相成的商業利益關係等種種因素，皆印證第三世界國家女性特有生活經驗，仍受本國男性及第一世界資本家的雙重宰制。
Ciudad Juarez is a portal entity between the State of Chihuahua and the United States. In 1993, the city discovered the first remains of a female victim. Later on, the term femicide was granted, while more bodies of victims were founded around the outskirt of the city. Along with more than a decade, many cases of murders do not solve or disappear, but are still happening until today. More than 300 women have been kidnapped, mutilated, stranguled, beaten and then killed. Many of those victims have been identified by poverty and lower social stratification. From 1998 till 2003, about this gravity, many organizations from the national, regional to the international issued reports and recommendations to the institutions to pay attention about it. Special Prosecutor''s Office, subordinate to the Attorney General of Mexico, was born by the wave of issues and published the Final Report in 2006 to respond to the mentioned reports.
In this thesis, we have established those possible causes of femicide occurred in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua through the theory of Caroline Moser and other perspective from feminist approach to explain the conditions of women, who suffered from gender violence, especially in those cases of domestic violence. The social stratification, gender stereotypes, impoverishment and insecurity accentuate this phenomenon and have been highlighted under the patriarchal culture and the overall of economic development. |
