| 摘要: | 第三波民主化後，許多國家在民主過渡或民主鞏固的過程中為追求「轉型正義」而成立「真相委員會」，但也因此面臨政治和道德上的難題。
本研究以智利、阿根廷和秘魯三國案例探討「轉型正義」的實踐和「威權遺緒」之處理。為追求「轉型正義」及處理「威權遺緒」，民主政府對專制獨裁統治期間所犯侵害人權和非法濫權的惡行調查、審訊和究責。本研究內容包括「轉型正義」的相關理論、「真相調查委員會」的彙整、「威權遺緒」的處理過程，及對智利、阿根廷和秘魯三國當時國內政局發展和國際局勢演變、專制獨裁政體的開啟、轉變和結束、及民主過渡等。
本研究並整理智利、阿根廷和秘魯三國案例之相同點和差異性，詳細分析案情發展並比較主事者不同的下場。此三案例除對拉丁美洲造成莫大影響外，對台灣推動「轉型正義」亦具相當參考價值。期盼後續研究者能就拉美轉型經驗對「轉型正義」課題提出更客觀、更深入的探討。
After the third wave of democratization, many countries in democratic transition or consolidation carry out “transitional justice” by establishing “Truth Commission.” However, they also face political and moral problems.
By investigating three case studies on Chile, Peru, and Argentina, this thesis focuses on the execution of transitional justice and the solution of authoritarian legacies. First of all, the study emphasizes on the succeeding democratic governments’ investigation and trial of governors’ violation of human rights and abuse of power during dictatorship. The contents include literature review on transitional justice, the comparison of truth commissions, and the proceedings of authoritarian legacies. Moreover, the impacts of domestic political development in Chile, Argentina, Peru, and the changing international circumstances at the time on the beginning, change and termination of authoritarianism, and the emergence of democratic transition are all discussed.
This research compares the similarities and the difference among Chilean, Argentine and Peruvian cases and pursues the different fates of those dominators. The three cases not only have great influence on Latin America’s democracy, also contribute to Taiwan’s pursuit of transitional justice. It is expected that this study on Latin America will lead the future researchers to more academic, objective and complete studies on transitional justice. |
