| 摘要: | 能源是現代生活的基本要件，也是經濟發展的關鍵性因素。現今無論世界強國還是開發中國家，其政策皆受到能源因素強烈的影響。拉丁美洲地區是各種能源蘊藏量豐富的地區，巴西身為金磚四國之一，加上巴西一直是拉丁美洲研究的重要指標，因此筆者選擇巴西做為研究主體。
巴西蘊藏豐富的能源資源，特別是水力、生質能和石油。長期以來，巴西政府為扶植本國產業，對外資一向採取歧視性待遇。但是自90年代起，為了改善其經濟體質，增強其產業競爭力，已逐漸改行較為開放之政策，並著手修改種種歧視性措施。近年來國際能源與原物料價格上揚，當各國為能源和地球暖化問題憂心不已時，巴西不僅宣佈其石油達到自給自足，更發展出能替代石油的酒精燃料。
本論文主要想藉由研究巴西能源的多個面向，了解巴西能源的實際發展情況，例如其石油達到自給自足的過程、玻利維亞石油天然氣國有化之後對巴西的影響，以及巴西在石油燃料之外的替代能源乙醇的發展情況及相關優缺點。
Energy is not only basic element for modern life, but also key factor for economic development. No matter developed or developing country, its policy is strongly influenced by energy factor. There are abundant energy reserves in Latin America, and Brazil plays an important role in this area. According to those reasons, my thesis is focused on Brazilian energy development.
Brazil riches in energy resources, especially water power, biomass energy and petroleum. For a long time, Brazilian government adopted discriminatory treatment for foreign capital in order to protect national industries. However, since 1990s, in order to reinforce economic structure and improve industrial competition, Brazilian government opened energy market. In recent years, the prices of energy and raw material get higher. When countries all over the world are worried about energy shortage and global warming, Brazil announces that its petroleum reaches self-sufficiency, and develops alcohol fuel that can substitute gasoline.
The thesis analyzes the actual Brazilian energy development from three dimensions, that is, the course of petroleum to self-sufficiency, the impact to Brazil after the nationalization of Bolivian petroleum and natural gas, and the development of ethanol in Brazil. |
