| Abstract: | 論文提要內容：
自我與他者互動的文化結構是溫特（Alexander Wendt）建構主義關注的重點。互動的雙方傳遞對彼此的看法，並據以調整自己的身分，習得了產生這些反應的共有知識，在以後的互動中顯現這些觀念，循此，中共對東協展開交往，不斷透過學習發展與東協的友誼關係，進而修正對外行為政策，形成符合雙方身分與利益的安全互動模式。因此，本文首先敘述建構主義的概念，以建構主義互動理論為架構，於各章節以中共對東協的政治、經濟與安全互動為出發，檢證並比較中共自鄧小平以至胡錦濤三代領導人對東協安全戰略的發展與轉變，進而探討所形成的文化結構，以及在此一結構下形成的身分、利益與行為模式。
研究發現，中共與東協透過不斷的互動，習得並內化了地區組織的規範與觀念，客觀利益有增無減，並已建立互助、友善關係，在此共有觀念的基礎上，有助於營造康德文化。而基於逐漸發展成為互為「朋友」的角色身分，中共的總體外交思路和外交戰略亦無可避免地發生轉變，由主要為自己發展利益服務和和平環境戰略，轉向與亞洲和世界共謀「發展與安全」的戰略。
中共挾其大國崛起之姿，逐漸融入東協社會，究竟這只是中共安全戰略的手段之一，或已實際內化成東協方式（ASEAN way），引起世人的關注與討論。透過建構主義研究了解到，文化的形成並非一朝一夕，而是需要長時間互動，累積共有觀念而成，文化的改變比權力分配的改變更為困難，因為一旦共有知識形成，就會反作用於行為體，鼓勵某些行為，懲罰另一種行為，
故現存的文化結構使得國家陷入結構再造中，並且行為體傾向阻止體系結構的變化，以保存相對穩定的角色與身分利益。質言之，若中共係基於戰略考量，將東協作為其崛起的範示或樣版，終究不敵社會建構主義的作用，將現況推向符合現階段彼此互動發展期待之中。
Abstract:
The culture formed by “Ego” and “Alter” are the focal points in Alexander Wendt’s Constructivism. The International actors involved in a certain incident can reveal their intentions toward their counterpart through their behaviours, also adjust their identities in order to achieve their goals. China has been developing its relations with ASEAN in a positive way, and has been applying this diplomatic method to the other countries in an attempt to formulate a diplomatic mode, which meets the security needs of all parties. This essay first elaborates the concept of constructivism, and then states the development and changes of China’s security strategy toward ASEAN in Deng Xiao-Ping, Jiang Zemin and Hu Gintao administrations respectively under the constructivism theory. This essay goes further to probe into the culture formed by this interaction, and the identities, interests, and behaviours created under this structure.
My finding is that China has learned and internalized and internalized the concept and rules concerning regional organizations. This has helped to build a friendly relation between China and ASEAN, and in turn benefit both sides. Furthermore, this positive trend fosters the creation of the Kantian culture. Inevitable, China’s overall diplomatic strategy has been shifted by its role as a “friend” that promotes the development and security for Asia and the world, rather than concerning its own interests only.
As the Asia’s biggest power, fitting into ASEAN is one of China’s security strategies, and this strategy has been internalized as the widely discussed ASEAN way. Through constructivism, I learned that it takes long-term interaction to form a culture and become consensus. It is more difficult to change a culture than to change the power distribution. Certain behaviors are encouraged and others are discouraged by set consensus.
Once a mature diplomatic culture and rules are formed, countries would prevent inappropriate or drastic behaviors because they wish to protect their interests and do not want to change the roles they are currently playing. China is only using its friendly relationship with ASEAN to showcase the world that it is a responsible state. However, over the long run, China will have to develop the same positive relations with other countries as expected by the global community. |
