從建構主義角度分析尼克森時期的美中關係(1969-1974)

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Title:	從建構主義角度分析尼克森時期的美中關係(1969-1974)
Other Titles:	The analysis of U.S.-sino relation in nixon administration from view point of constructivism (1969-1974)
Authors:	王嘉徹;Wang, Jia-che
Contributors:	淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班翁明賢;Wong, Ming-hsien
Keywords:	建構主義;美中關係;U.S.-Sino Relation;Constructivism
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2010-01-10 23:46:08 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	1972年美國前總統尼克森訪問中共，造成了台灣及世界各國的震撼。隨著尼克森政府的對華政策轉向，其後的福特政府與卡特政府也延續了尼克森政府的政策方向，美國與中共最終於卡特時期完成建交工作。回顧美中關係的正常化過程，尼克森時期實為美國與中共間改變關係的重要時期。因此，本文借用建構主義代表學者亞歷山大‧溫特所提出國家對外行為分析模式。也就是理解美國與中共的互動過程、無政府文化產生、身份形成、國家利益和對外政策等一連串的聯動，進而比較尼克森時期前後美國與中共兩國的互動所改變的美國對華政策，從學術研究角度提供美中關係正常化過程研究的新面向與補充。最後，本論文首先驗證了溫特所提出的分析國家對外行為模式，在尼克森政府執政時期前後的確適用。第二、在無政府結構變化方面，本研究也發現在尼克森時期前後，美中間的無政府文化結構確實由霍布斯文化轉變為洛克文化，進而影響了尼克森時期前後美國對中共的認知轉變為競爭者關係，而牽動美國對華政策的調整，即從原先政策只承認中華民國代表中國的唯一合法政府，轉而認定在一個中國政策之下有兩個政府，並不再視中共為美國的敵人。 Richard M. Nixon’s visit to China in 1972 astonished Taiwan and the rest of the world. The changing direction of foreign policy toward China of Nixon’s administration was followed up by Ford and Carter administrations. China and the U.S. eventually established diplomatic relations in Carter administration. Therefore, Nixon period is the most important period when reviewing the process of normalization of U.S.-Sino relation. Therefore, the thesis seeks the theory of Alexander Wendt, representative scholar of Constructivism, comparing the changing of U.S. China policy and the impacts before and after the Nixon’s administration by analyzing the interaction between the U.S. and China, the emerging of anarchy, identity, national interest, and foreign policy; also this thesis expects to supplement and find a new aspect on the normalization of U.S.-Sino relation. Finally, the thesis proves that Alexander Wendt’s theory which analysis the model of foreign policy could be suitable for explaining the period of Nixon attitude toward China. Second, In the structure of international anarchy culture perspective, this research found that before and after Nixon period, the international anarchy culture transforms from Hobbesin culture to Lockian culture. Meanwhile, it affects not only the collective identity between the U.S. and China but also the U.S. national interest and policy toward China. They are no longer regarding China as the enemy of U.S., and according to U.S. one China policy that there are two governments across the Taiwan Strait.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of International Affairs And Strategic Studies] Thesis

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