中共石油安全戰略之研究 : 以大國外交穩定供應來源發展為例(1993–2005)

淡江大學機構典藏 > 國際事務學院 > 國際事務與戰略研究所 > 學位論文 > Item 987654321/30525

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题名:	中共石油安全戰略之研究 : 以大國外交穩定供應來源發展為例(1993–2005)
其它题名:	The study of petroleum security strategy : stabilizing oil source and development by power diplomacy(1993–2005)
作者:	史世傑;Shih, Shih-chieh
贡献者:	淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班曾復生
关键词:	中國;石油;石油消費;外交政策;能源安全;China;petroleum;oil consumption;diplomatic policy;energy security
日期:	2007
上传时间:	2010-01-10 23:44:29 (UTC+8)
摘要:	經濟發展決定中共政權的存續，能源（石油）的穩定供給則左右中共經濟發展的成敗。中共自1993年開始成為石油淨進口國，約0.4億噸，到2005年石油進口數量已達1.8億噸，石油能源已成為中共經濟成長關鍵之一環。中共自經濟崛起後，搖身一變成為世界製造工廠，但國內能源除不敷使用之經濟因素外，更存有勿過度集中特定油源，避免引發國家安全危機之戰略因素，故中共開始走向國際化，強調「海外找油，四面出擊」的戰略結構，無論是在突破美日戰略封鎖、加強來源多元化、確保通路安全、建立戰略儲油體係、替代能源開發利用、加大海外投資力度等積極具體作為上，均再再顯示出中共石油安全戰略的策略運用。中共採取「走出去」之策略，積極在全球以「大國外交」之姿，透過政治影響、軍事互動、經貿互惠、合作開採等手段，展開能源外交，尤其是在美洲、亞洲、非洲以及俄羅斯等區域地緣政治與能源政策領域間的互動，以確保其自海外進口石油穩定。但國際石油資源分布集中中東、非洲、中亞與俄羅斯等地緣政治敏感地區，中共海外能源開拓勢將與國際傳統的石油消費國造成競爭，加上國際油源枯竭、戰略安全影響，益發增添未來石油供給穩定之變數。我國戰略位置重要，兩岸關係特殊，能源進口依賴高達98％，值此中共石油因素牽動國際與區域地緣政治格局變動時期，勢必也將影響我國之安全議題，面對中共積極開拓石油來源，所獲致的成效，更應重視與因應。 The rapid economic growth of China in the past few decades has fueled the demand for energy that has outstripped domestic sources of supply. China has become a net oil importer since 1993, and the country’s dependence on energy imports is expected to increase significantly in the future. Globally, China is the second largest oil-consuming country in the world. Domestically, the industrial development plays an important role in China’s social, economic, and energy evolutions. China’s oil consumption far exceeds its production, which can’t make both ends meet, and the gap is widening rapidly. Accordingly, to avoid causing any crises that might endanger national security, China has adopted a new system of policies, such as the strategy of globalization, focusing on looking for oversea oil resources. China has made great efforts in breaking the US-Japan alliance, and strengthening his diplomatic power. Besides, the setting of Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) system, the research and development of substitutional energy and legislation of energy-saving are all elements of China’s long-term strategies for all kinds of circumstances in the future. After the implementation of Open and Reform Policy, China has searched for not only new sources of energy locally, but also foreign sources of energy. China intended to assure the steady of energy by the integration of “two resources, two markets.” Otherwise, from the viewpoint of energy safety, China’s strategy for energy is not safe enough for the operation of policy implementation, even if it expands its oil resources from the Middle East, Africa, Central Asia and Russia, where political situations are still tense and complicated. As a result, the energy diplomacy has gradually become the core of China’s diplomatic policy. Today, Taiwan’s dependence on imported oil is up to 98 %. In face of the effort of China’s oil policy on international political situations, the establishment and development of the respondent procedures of our country should be implemented. Such the condition will obviously make our situation more complicated, so Taiwan is supposed to face the issue by taking efficient actions without any hesitation.
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