我國全民防衛動員制度之研究

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Title:	我國全民防衛動員制度之研究
Other Titles:	The study of total defense mobilization system of the ROC
Authors:	謝雲龍;Hsieh, Yun-lung
Contributors:	淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班黃介正;Huang, Alexander Chieh-cheng
Keywords:	動員;動員制度;全民防衛;全民防衛動員;全民防衛動員制度;mobilization;mobilization system;total defense;total defense mobilization system(TDMS)
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2010-01-10 23:41:20 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究之目的旨在：一、研析動員與動員制度的學理。二、將我國法制化後的全民防衛動員制度內容作全面整理。三、評析我國全民防衛動員制度在各個層面上所面臨的問題，並對未來發展方向與精進方案提出可行的建議。為達成上述之目的，乃以魯登道夫的《總體戰》為理論基礎，並參酌吳子勇的《戰爭動員學教程》及國內楊志恆、韓毓傑等學者之相關論述。運用文獻分析、案例研究、及深度訪談的方法，探討我國的全民防衛動員制度，主要研究內容有：一、動員的概念與內涵為何？建立動員制度的學理基礎為何？並以其為基準，檢視美國、瑞士、以色列、中共的動員制度。二、我國動員制度的歷史發展為何？全民防衛動員的定義與內容為何？全民防衛與全民防衛動員有何差異？三、我國現行全民防衛動員制度的特點與不足之處為何？面臨之挑戰為何？其未來的發展方向為何？基於上述的研討，本文獲致以下結論：一、戰爭離不開動員，動員能力是進行戰爭的前提和基礎。動員除了對戰爭的過程和結果有著決定性的影響外，動員能力同時也是國家戰略嚇阻戰力的展現。惟冷戰後時期，國家安全威脅來源趨向多元性，動員的要求不再僅僅是準備和打贏戰爭，更多的是要防護基礎建設及維護國土安全。因此，現今世界各主要國家的動員體制已由單一的「應戰」功能，發展到「應戰」與「應變」的雙重功能，即同一體制既是對外保證國家安全的動員體制，又是對內保證社會安定的緊急救援體制。二、「全民防衛動員」一詞乃我國所獨創，主在昭示國內、外，我國之動員制度係被動的、防衛性的動員，不是向外擴張侵略性的動員。它是結合我國「有效嚇阻、防衛固守」之戰略構想與指導，所實施的以公開動員為主之戰略守勢型態的動員。依其內容性質，區分為「行政動員」及「軍事動員」兩部分。三、經以組織分析與政策評估的相關模型評估我國全民防衛動員制度後，發現政策方向均屬至當，惟在法令規章、組織體系、制度運作方面尚有諸多精進空間，尤須強化執行面之落實。其未來的發展須考量兩個面向，一是外部因素，包括未來戰爭型態發展以及中共的武力威脅，一是內部因素，即台灣所面對的非傳統安全威脅。換言之，須以自變項與因變項的關係來作調整。 The purposes of this study are as follows：1.To study and analyze the academic theories of mobilization and its system. 2.To assemble and categorize the contents of the〝Total Defense Mobilization System〞(TDMS) after the System has been legalized. 3.To analyze and estimate the problems on the TDMS in each section, and to raise feasible recommendations for TDMS’future development and advanced programs. In order to reach the purposes above-mentioned, this study is based on〝Total War Theory〞by Eric Ludendoff , and refers to〝War Mobilization Study Procedural〞by Tzu-yung Wu, other domestic related writings by Chih-heng Yang, Yu-chieh Han and so on. Using methods of literature analysis, case studies and deep interviews to explore TDMS, the main contents of this study are as follows： 1. What are the concepts and inclusions of mobilization？What is the academic basis of mobilization system？According to such baseline, mobilization system of USA, Swiss, Isra, PRC are investigated. 2. What are the historical developments of mobilization system in our country？What are the definitions and contents of TDMS？What are the differences between total defense and total defense mobilization？ 3. What are the characteristics and deficiencies of prevailing TDMS？What are the challenges it faces？What is TDMS’future direction？ Accordiing to the prediscribed explorations, this study collects conclusions as follows： 1. War can not depart from mobilization. Mobilization capacity is the premise and basis of war. Mobilization not only impacts the procedures and results of war vitally but also presents a country''s deterrent force. Nevertheless, the threatening origins to national security come diversely. The goal of mobilization is not merely to prepare for and win the war, furthermore, to protect infrustructures and maintain territorial security. Therefore, the function of mobilization of major nations in the world has been developed into both accepting battle and emergency response from sole accepting battle. In other words, the mobilization system is not only an assurance for national security but also a guarantee for internal stability in case of emergency. 2. The phrase〝Total Defense Mobilization〞(TDM), is an exclusive creation of our country. TDM shows mainly that our mobilization system is a passive and defensive mobilization, not an aggressive mobilization. TDM combines the war strategic ideas and instructions of effective deterrence and defensive guard. So, it employs a type of strategical defense mobilization by executing mainly public mobilization. According to the properties of contents, TDM is devided into two parts－administrative mobilization and military mobilization. 3. After related model assessment of TDMS by employing organization analysis as well as policy evaluation, this study found that the direction of policy is suitabal. However, the related regulations,structures and systematical performance have still left some rooms for making advances, especially in the performance section. Furtherrmore, there are two points should be considered for TDMS’future development. One is the outer factor, including future development of war types and force threats from China Communist. The other is internal factor, that is the non-conventional security threat. In other Words, adjustment on the relations between independent and dependent variable items is needed.
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