跨國公司在中國大陸的投資與策略研究：以電子信息產業的摩托羅拉與愛立信為案例

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Title:	跨國公司在中國大陸的投資與策略研究：以電子信息產業的摩托羅拉與愛立信為案例
Other Titles:	Electronic communication MNCs' investment and strategy in China : on the case studies of Motorola and Ericsson
Authors:	彭姿綺;Peng, Tzu-chi
Contributors:	淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士班郭建中;Guo, Jiann-jong
Keywords:	跨國公司;投資;投資策略;電子信息產業;Multinational Corporation;Investment;Strategy;Electronic Communication Industries
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2010-01-10 23:33:50 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中國大陸至1978年開啟了對外開放的基本國策後，高速的經濟發展能力，使其自1979年至2005年來保有9.4%的GDP(gross domestic product, GDP)平均增長率。而不斷開放與改善內部的投資環境，使中國大陸，於2005年以接收724億美元的國際直接投資，成為全球國際直接投資的前三大吸引國、全球五百大跨國企業的目標投資國、跨國公司在金融服務業和高技術產業投資熱點地區。上述顯著的投資現象與趨勢，促發本論文藉由文獻分析法及個案分析法兩種研究方法，研究跨國公司在中國大陸總體與在電子信息產業中的投資狀況、策略以及其所產生的影響，且就摩托羅拉與愛立信在中國大陸的投資，來探究跨國公司對中國大陸產業有何重要性與影響性，以及為何能中國大陸吸引跨國公司大舉投資。在研究跨國公司投資原因，本研究發現巨大的內需市場，以及近年逐步完善的投資環境與放寬的投資限制，是吸引大量跨國公司赴中國大陸投資主要原因。從跨國公司投資策略與投資行為的研究中，本研究發現近年來，跨國公司在中國大陸都朝著獨資化經營策略邁進，並發展適當的本土化策略，且紛紛提高中國大陸在其全球經營策略中的地位，將中國大陸發展成其全球研發、生產供應中樞或是在中國大陸設立地區性營運總部。透過產業與個案的分析，本研究發現跨國公司是中國大陸電子信息產業規模增長的重要資金來源與推動力。在技術研發方面，由摩托羅拉與愛立信皆致力於研發中國大陸3G通訊技術新標準的案例，發現跨國公司的研發趨勢不僅牽動著產業內所有廠商的生產與研發方向，更影響著未來中國大陸電子信息產業的3G通訊系統標準走向。而跨國公司的進入，給中國大陸帶進許多貢獻，如：經濟與稅收增長、進出口規模增加、產業升級、技術創新等重要貢獻；卻也因此產生了一些負面問題，如：造成嚴重的環境污染、資源耗損速度過快，以及引進跨國投資而對內資企業的生存空間產生威脅等問題。但是，本研究認為跨國公司對中國大陸的投資，是利多於弊，因此本研究認為，中國大陸仍可擴大開放，並在未來的引資政策上，應該使投資環境更透明、開放，且必須對來投資的跨國企業加強在環境保護上規範，以發展出相互合作、利用的雙贏新局面。 Since Chin’s “open-up” policy in 1978, its drastic economic development has made China maintain the annually average GDP of 9.4% from 1979 to 2005. With the continuous “open-up” policy and the improvement of internal investing environment, China attracted FDI inflows of 72.4 billion USD in 2005. Then it became the country of the world’s top three FDI inflows, the host country that the world’s top 500 MNCs most wanted to invest, and the investing hot spot of the financial services and the high-tech industry. Given to the phenomenon and trend from the above, the study adopted two approaches of the literature analysis and the case study. With two case studies of Motorola and Ericsson, the purpose of the study was to investigate the overall investment, strategies and influences of MNCs in the electronic communication industry and to analyze how China attracted MNCs with abundant capital to invest. The study discovered that there were mainly three reasons for MNCs to invest China: 1. greatly internal demand market; 2. the improvement of investing environment; 3. the relaxation of investing restrictions. Through MNCs’ investing strategies and behaviors, the study discovered that MNCs tended to operate their enterprises with independent capital and to develop appropriate localized investing strategies in China. Besides, MNCs gradually raised China’s position of the global operating strategy and tempted to make China become the global center of R&D or the headquarters of the regional operation. The study also discovered that the capital resource and industrial development of China’s electronic communication industry attributed to MNCs’ investment. With the technical perspective, Motorola and Ericsson, devoted to study China’s 3G technical standardizations, discovered that MNCs’ R&D tendency not only influenced the production and the R&D direction of all plants within the industry but also affected the 3G standardizations of China’s electronic communication in the future. MNCs greatly contributed to China in many perspectives. For example, they boosted China’s economic and tax development, broadened the scale of import and export, upgraded the industries, innovated the techniques and so on. On the contrary, MNCs also resulted in several negative problems. For instances, they caused severe environmental pollutions, over-wasted the resources, jeopardized the living space of local enterprises, and the like. As a whole, MNCs brought China more advantages than disadvantages. Thus, the study advised China to continue opening its market, to draw up the proper and transparent investing policy, and to strengthen the environmental regulations for MNCs coming to invest.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of China Studies] Thesis

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