| 摘要: | 自七十六年台灣解除戒嚴及開放大陸探親後，許多大陸人民甘冒生命及被抓風險偷渡來台，決大多數只是為了賺錢謀生，因目前台灣與大陸尚處於敵對狀態，兩岸均採嚴格措施，加強查緝與防範；九十二年起，大陸人民偷渡來台雖有減少趨勢，惟只是改變方式，以合法掩護非法而已，如以假結婚、假探親及假漁工等方式入境來台，從事與來台目的不符工作。在將近二十年以來，為了防制大陸人民偷渡來台，政府自查緝、收容、遣返一系列作為，已付出龐大人力與財力，依目前兩岸政治情況研判，未來數年大陸人民偷渡或以合法掩護非法來台，勢必繼續存在，筆者身為防制大陸人民偷渡來台工作幹部，根據實務經驗及進一步研究，依管見惟有從政策面調整及執行面加強，雙管齊下，方能更有效、完善的 防制與因應大陸人民偷渡來台問題。本文內容共分為八章，第一章緒論，說明研究動機與目的、研究途逕與方法及研究範圍與限制簡述。第二章大陸人民偷渡台灣之概況，探討解嚴後大陸人民偷渡台灣之概況，並對偷渡犯問卷調查統計與分析。第三章大陸人民偷渡台灣之成因及方式，針對解嚴後大陸人民偷渡台灣之真正原因及方式，以予探討。第四章兩岸對大陸偷渡犯之防制，就兩岸對大陸偷渡犯之防制法令規定、查緝機關、防制作為予以研析。第五章大陸偷渡犯之收容與遣返，針對大陸偷渡犯之收容措施與遣返作業，及有無需要改善空間，以予探討。第六章大陸偷渡犯對台灣之影響，研析大陸偷渡犯對國家安全、社會治安、政府負擔、公共衛生、及國家形象方面影響。第七章結論，就如何有效防制與因應大陸偷渡犯，針對筆者實務經驗及研究心得，從政策面的調整及執行面的加強，提出具體意見，將本文做一總結。
關鍵字：大陸地區（人民）、台灣地區（人民）、偷渡犯、人蛇仲介集團
Since the lifting of martial law and the government’s deregulation of restrictions on family visits to the Mainland China in 1987, many Chinese nationals that hope to earn a lot of money for living have illegally entered Taiwan at the risk of being arrested, and what is more, of losing their own life. Owing to maintaining their ground, both sides of Taiwan Strait take rigorous measures against unlawful immigrants. The number of Mainland people that illegally immigrated to Taiwan has declined since 2003. In Fact, the way of illegitimate immigration has been changed: illegal activities are covered by legal ones. For example, Chinese nationals come to Taiwan under the disguise of marriages, family visits, or crew. In other words, they engage in activities inconsistent with their intended purpose of going into Taiwan.
To block illicit entry from Mainland China to Taiwan, the government has devoted a lot of efforts and money to arresting, detaining, and repatriating Mainland stowaways for late twenty years. According to the Cross-Strait political situation, there remains the problem that Mainland people illegitimately immigrate to Taiwan or enter Taiwan in a legal way that covers their illegal activities. As a member of CGA fellows who prevent Chinese nationals’ unlawful entry into Taiwan, I suggest that the best method to solve this problem is to modify the policy and to enhance the achievement of the goals. In this way, the government can efficiently keep Mainland people from illegally entering Taiwan.
This thesis includes eight chapters. Chapter One is the introduction that briefly explains the motive and the purpose of this thesis, the study method, and the range and the limitation of this thesis. Chapter Two explores the situation of unlawful immigration from China to Taiwan after the lifting of martial law, and the statistics and the analysis of the questionnaire on stowaways. Chapter Three investigates the reasons and methods of illegitimate immigration from China to Taiwan after the lifting of martial law. Chapter Four examines regulations prohibiting Mainland stowaways’ illegal immigration, organizations detecting and arresting stowaways, and prevention of stowaways in the two sides of the Strait. Chapter Five discusses the detention and the repatriation of Mainland stowaways, and proposes improvements on this issue. Chapter Six analyzes the impact of Mainland stowaways on National safety, public security, government’s burden, public sanitation, and National image. Chapter Seven is the conclusion－deals with how to effectively forbid Mainland stowaways; in this chapter, I make my suggestion about how to modify the policy and how to effectively strengthen the fulfillment.
Keywords: Mainland China（people）、 Taiwan（people）、stowaways、 the center for the smuggling of illegal immigrants |
