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| Title: | 中共全國人民代表大會立法功能改革之研究 |
| Other Titles: | Research on the reform of legislation functions of the National People's Congress, the People's Republic of China |
| Authors: | 黃曉雯;Huang, Hsiao-wen |
| Contributors: | 淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士班
潘錫堂;Pan, His-tang |
| Keywords: | 全國人大;立法;中共;改革;Legislation;the National People's Congress;People's Republic of China reform |
| Date: | 2005 |
| Issue Date: | 2010-01-10 23:27:43 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 立法是人民代表大會的首要職權，在許多國家，立法機關是西方國家議會的代名詞。對中共全國人民代表大會而言，立法亦為其最重要且最常行使的職權。長期以來，中共全國人民代表大會的立法權限與程序，是根據中共《憲法》和《全國人大組織法》的規定，在不斷總結先前實踐經驗的基礎上形成。於一九八七年和一九九0年分別通過的《全國人大常委會及全國人大議事規則》亦將有關的立法程序與功能初步規範化。中共一九八二年憲法對人大立法權的加強，提升了政府的合法性。二000年中共制定了立法法，對立法權限與立法方法等更作進一步具體闡述。
然而，中共領導全國人大進行立法權的改革，所為為何？若目的在於提高中共執政的合法性與正當性，因此提升全國人大部分立法權限，並對其組織架構加以精簡及整合，改革結果是否有可能回頭危害到中共本身的領導地位？在中共授意及指揮之下，全國人大的改革究竟是結構性的根本變化，還是只針對提升政府的合法性，對國家機器的運作秩序進行改造？
在民主集中制、共產黨領導等特殊概念下，全國人大立法權的改革是否表示相較以往，人大擁有較大的實權？人大的基礎仍建立在馬列主義上，異於西方議會的社會主義式改革，究竟能夠改革到什麼程度？中共又能放權到什麼程度？亦或改革的結果，只是將中共對國家立法工作的控制更加合理化？
本論文主要探討全國人大立法功能的演變，並對全國人大立法制度、立法功能的起源、全國人大與全國人大立法權之爭，以及黨政部門與全國人大立法權的關係皆有分析與批判。
Research on the reform of legislation functions of the National People’s Congress, the People’s Republic of China.Legislation is the primary authority of office to the people’s congress, in fact in many countries the legislative institution is the synonym of the western National Assembly.
To the National People’s Congress of the PRC, legislation is also the most important and the most frequently exercised power among its authority of offices. For a long period of time, the procedures and the limits to the NPC’s legislation authority were grounded on the Constitution of People’s Republic of China and the National People’s Congress Constituent Act, while shaped founded on the summarization of past practice experience.
The rules of debate of the NPC Standing Committee and of the NPC adopted in 1987 and 1990, respectively, has also preliminarily regulated the related legislative functions and procedures.
Moreover, the reinforcement to the legislative power of the NPC in 1982 on the PRC constitution has enhanced the legitimacy of the PRC government, and the
Legislation Act enacted in 2000 has made some more specific addresses to the legislation measures and legislative power.
But what is the China Communist Party’s purpose of their guidance over the reformations of the NPC’s legislative power?
If the purpose of the raise in some segments of the NPC’s legislative power, and the compression and integration of NPC’s organization frameworks is to enhance the legitimacy and validity of the sovereignty of the CCP over the China state, would the reformations, as a result, ultimately backlash the leading position of the China Communist Party?
The reformations of the NPC, under the conduct and inspiration of the CCP, are they fundamental structural changes, or simply aimed to enhance the government’s legitimacy and to reform the operative law and order of the state machine?
Under the unique notions of Democratic Centralism and the leadership role of the Communist Party, do the reformations of the NPC’s legislative power necessarily indicate that it now possesses more real power than it had before?
The foundation of NPC is still founded on Marxism-Leninism, thus we wonder how far can the reformations reach under the socialist method that is dramatically different from the western parliamentary path?
To which degree is the CCP willing to let go of its power? Or did the outcomes of the reformations have made the CCP even more justified of their control over the state’s legislation works?
This paper mainly probes into the evolution of the legislative functions of the PRC’s National People’s Congress, and furthermore provides analytics and criticisms about the origins of the NPC legislation system and its legislative function, the struggle of legislative power between the NPC and the NPC Standing Committee, and the relations between the NPC and the CCP’s political sector. |
| Appears in Collections: | [Graduate Institute of China Studies] Thesis
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