淡江大學機構典藏:Item 987654321/30168
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    Title: 毛澤東與中國農業社會主義改造之研究
    Other Titles: A study of Mao Zedong and Chinese socialist transformation of agriculture
    Authors: 張卓棣;Chang, Chou-tin
    Contributors: 淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士班
    吳漢;Wu, Han
    Keywords: 毛澤東;土地改革;農業合作化;新民主主義;社會主義;Mao Zedong;Agrarian Reform;Cooperative Transformation of Agriculture;New-democracy;Socialism
    Date: 2007
    Issue Date: 2010-01-10 23:25:23 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 1949年中共建國,面臨如何將中國的農業帶入社會主義階段的問題。在毛澤東的領導下,中共在農村中進行土地改革。過程根據七屆三中全會的原則,採取中立富農的政策。中共將土地從地主手上分給農民,卻沒有達成提高生產力供應國家工業化的目標。

    毛澤東認為要提高農業的生產力,就要提高農業的集體化程度,所以土地改革的成果尚未穩定,中共隨即準備進行農業的社會主義改造。毛澤東等領導人擬定了「過渡時期總路線」,否定劉少奇、周恩來之前關於資本主義與社會主義過渡期之「確立新民主主義秩序」的論述。1953年,中共中央通過了《關於發展農業生產合作社的決議》,決定以發展土地入股、統一計畫經營的生產合作社,在農村中推行社會主義改造。結果在合作化的速度上引起黨內幾次的辯論。

    1953年和1955年,毛澤東與中央農村工作部部長鄧子恢,產生了農業合作化政策的分歧。鄧子恢在合作化進程上的謹慎態度,毛澤東視其為過度保守。1955年毛澤東終將鄧子恢打成「右傾機會主義」,把政策之爭上綱為路線的批判。自此農業合作化以極不健康的品質發展,致1956年大部分農戶加入高級生產合作社,中國的農業社會主義改造提早完成。

    毛澤東在一九五○年代領導中國的農業社會主義改造,開啟中共對於社會主義意識形態的實踐,過程裡夾帶著政治鬥爭;實踐上讓農村陷入糧食不足,以及階級鬥爭的高壓氣氛中。特別是在毛澤東與黨內其他領導人的關係,這場運動顯示了毛的至高權威,看得出來當時中共的政治領導與專業領導嚴重地失去了平衡。

    本論文採歷史研究途徑,透過中共黨史文獻的分析,輔以毛澤東研究與中共理論的既有學術資源,來說明毛澤東領導的農業社會主義改造運動,在中華人民共和國政治發展上的角色,以及產生的影響。
    The Communist Party of China founded the state in 1949. They faced how to bring the Chinese agriculture into the socialist stage. Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CPC carried on Agrarian Reform, and realized land to the tiller.

    Mao thuoght the CPC had ought to promote the collectivization degree to improve the productivity of agriculture. Soon he carried on the Socialist Transformation of Agriculture . Such leaders as Mao, etc. drafted “ The General Line for the Transition Period ”. Production cooperative societies begun developing, however, inner-party debates at the speed of cooperative transformation rised. Through political struggles, most peasant households joined the higher cooperative societies in 1956, and then the Socialist Transformation of Agriculture was finished ahead of time.

    This movement started practice to socialist ideology of the CPC, and had shown Mao’s highest authority, opening to suspicion that political leadship and speciality of governing was overbalancing seriously in the CPC at that time.

    This thesis adopts historical approach for study. By the analysis of the CPC history documents, academic resources with Mao Zedong''s research and the CPC ideology, it makes the definition to the role and effect of the movement led by Mao on PRC’s political develepment.
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of China Studies] Thesis

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