中共對西方「和平演變」的認知與對策

淡江大學機構典藏 > 國際事務學院 > 中國大陸研究所 > 學位論文 > Item 987654321/30094

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题名:	中共對西方「和平演變」的認知與對策
其它题名:	The perception and strategy of the Chinese communist on "peaceful evolution"
作者:	陳明雅;Chen, Ming-ya
贡献者:	淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士班趙春山;Chao, Chun-shan
关键词:	認知;對策;威脅;機會;「和平演變」;「反和平演變」;防禦型認知;經濟合作型認知;具體作為;Perception;Strategy;threat;opportunity;"peaceful evolution";"anti-peaceful evolution";defense of perception;economy cooperation of perception;concrete strategy
日期:	2008
上传时间:	2010-01-10 23:21:56 (UTC+8)
摘要:	「和平演變」是西方資本主義國家在第二次世界大戰後，為了遏制共產主義擴散，而對社會主義國家發動的一種「戰略」。透過政治、經濟、文化思想上的積極滲透，以改變社會主義國家的性質，打一場「沒有硝煙的戰爭」，和平融化社會主義。為了反制西方這種以非武力的方式演化中共政權的圖謀，中共乃提出「反和平演變」作為因應對策。本文從認知分析的角度出發，把中共對西方「和平演變」的認知視為分析的重點，強調決策者的認知因素在決策過程中所佔有的重要性。進而，探討中共對西方「和平演變」之「威脅」或「機會」的認知，對「反和平演變」具體作為所產生的影響。中共認為，以美國為首的西方國家，早在1940年代末至1950年代，就對社會主義中國發動「和平演變」的陰謀。對此，毛澤東曾提出防止資本主義「和平演變」的論述，此論述被中共理論界視為是毛澤東「反和平演變」思想形成的起點。同時，也代表中共對西方「和平演變」防禦型認知形成的起點。改革開放以後，中共顯然提供了西方國家更多實施「和平演變」戰略的機會，間接加速了中國社會的變動。1989年的「六四事件」隨即被中共解釋為西方長期推行「和平演變」戰略的結果，加上稍後發生在東歐和蘇聯的遽變，更增加了中共的危機感，使中共備感「威脅」，認為西方資本主義國家有意弄垮社會主義，而對西方「和平演變」戰略產生積極防禦的認知，提出「反和平演變」作為中共致力於鞏固政權的首要任務，其具體作為包括整頓黨的組織、加強軍隊的政治建設、加強意識形態的控制等。然而，隨著鄧小平堅持深化改革與經濟發展的決心下，改革開放的路線已經無法逆轉，中共基於對「機會」(經濟利益)的認知，轉而傾向和美國經濟合作的關係，而使得中共對西方「和平演變」的認知從防禦型認知轉變為經濟合作型認知，其「反和平演變」的具體作為也不刻意以意識形態的控制為主，轉而著眼於經濟層面進行建設。本研究結果發現，至此，中共「反和平演變」的作為看似被侷限在不可阻礙經濟改革建設的條件下進行，但實際上，中共始終沒有放棄對意識形態和社會的控制，只是端視其國內和國外政治經濟情勢的發展，而適時地提出。「六四事件」後的中國，經過「姓資」、「姓社」的鬥爭後，走出一條「政左經右」、「有中國特色的社會主義」路線。在下層經濟持續發展，上層政治採取高壓的社會控制，兩者雙管齊下，加上現階段加緊對文化領域的建設，以「保存中華傳統文化」的使命者為自居，積極向全世界「行銷」中國傳統文化的全貌，成為與西方文化抗衡的力量，使得中共面臨西方「和平演變」的戰略，愈顯充滿了信心。 After World War II, the western capitalism nation launched the "strategy" of "peaceful evolution" in order to suppress the communism to stretch. Through the politics, economy and culture permeated actively to change the socialism nation and fight a "no fire war" to melt peaceably the socialism. In order to resist the western nation that transform the Communist Party of China through anti-armed strategy, the Communist Party of China put forward "anti-peaceful evolution" strategy. This article discussed from the view of perception research approach. It emphasized the perception of the Communist Party of China on western "peaceful evolution" and .a policymaker’s perception played an important role of decisions process. Further, this article discussed the perception of the Communist Party of China on western "peaceful evolution" by "threat" or "opportunity" will affect "anti-peaceful evolution" of concrete strategy. The Communist Party of China thought that American as early as the end of 1940''s to 1950''s launched the scheme of "peaceful evolution" for the socialism China. Then, the Mao, Tse-tung ever put forward the discussion on preventing the capitalism "peaceful evolution" . The discussion was considered a beginning of "anti-peaceful evolution" form of Mao, Tse-tung. In the meantime, it also represented that the Communist Party of China made a beginning of defense of perception formation on the western "peaceful evolution" After the reformation and open, the Communist Party of China provided obviously more chance for western nation to implement "peaceful evolution" strategy, and indirectly accelerated the fluctuation of the Chinese society. In 1989, "64 incident" were immediately explained by the Communist Party of China for the result of the western nation followed out "peaceful evolution" strategy over a long period of time. Afterward, a great change in Eastern Europe and Soviets increased the Communist Party of China''s crisis feeling and it made the Communist Party of China felt "threat" and thought the western capitalism nation intented to make the socialism to collapse,so resulted defense of perception from western "peaceful evolution" strategy and put forward "anti-peaceful evolution" strategy to consolidate the political power. The concrete strategy included the organization of party’s restructuring, the enhancement of political development of the troops, the enhancement of the control in ideology...etc. However, along Deng, Xiao-ping insisted on deep reform and economy development, the reformation and open route had already can''t be conversed. The Communist Party of China owed to the perception of "opportunity" (economic benefit), turned to cooperate with American in economy. It made the Communist Party of China on the western "peaceful evolution" strategy from defense of perception to economy cooperation of perception, and "anti-peaceful evolution" of concrete strategy didn’t focus on the ideology control totally. Then the Communist Party of China turned into carrying on the developments in the economic level This research found that the Communist Party of China''s "anti- peaceful evolution" seems have already been limited that didn’t obstruct economy development so far. However, actually, the Communist Party of China did not give up to control the ideology and the society, it just depended on the development of its home and abroad political and economic situation in order to put forward "anti-peaceful evolution" in good time. After the"64 incident", the Communist Party of China through the conflict of "capitalism" or "Socialism", came out a way of ".politics on the left but economy on the right" and a route of" the socialism of Chinese character" The Communist Party of China had more and more confidence to resist the western "peaceful evolution" strategy by keeping on the development in the bottom level of economy, the social control in the upper level of politics and. enhancement in Chinese culture development.
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