中國東北經濟振興與東北亞經貿關係研究

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Title:	中國東北經濟振興與東北亞經貿關係研究
Other Titles:	Northeastern China's economic revitalization and its trade and economic relationship with northeastern Asia
Authors:	范芳宇;Fan, Fang-yu
Contributors:	淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班李志強;Li, Chi-keung
Keywords:	振興東北;東北經濟;協調發展;區域經濟合作;東北亞;Rejuvenate the Northeast;Economic Development;Northeast Asia;Economic Cooperation
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2010-01-10 23:21:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2003年中國在「十六大」中提出「振興東北」國策，此係繼「西部大開發」後另項重大區域經濟發展政策。2006年「十一五」規劃中國再次將「振興東北」列入區域協調發展重點之一，亦即未來五年東北地區經濟發展將成為溫胡體制展現執政績效之重要指標。有別於近年其他地區「開天闢地」式的創新經濟，東北經濟振興的關鍵在於將市場支配資源體系「植入」現有工業體系，運用市場力量進行升級與轉型，期在新舊産業平穩過渡中，實現區域經濟平衡與穩定增長。相較西部開發脫貧目標，「振興東北」賦予重任則是致富，主要是東北地區具有豐富自然資源、便捷運輸網絡、質優科技人才以及完整重化工業體系。故中國在振興東北過程中，一方面對東北產業結構進行調整，另方面對老工業基地進行技術改造，使其適合國際經濟發展需要。對中國而言，「振興東北」不僅攸關其區域經濟間之協調發展和均衡增長，對深受計畫經濟體制「慣性效應」禁錮的東北地區，其能否藉振興政策，重振東北經濟繁榮，更是中國致力平衡地區差距、落實和諧發展與奔向小康社會之重要考驗。尤其隨著經濟全球化和區域經濟一體化發展趨勢逐步加快，21世紀東北亞將成為全球經濟發展戰略中最重要與最敏感的區域之一，而東北地區無疑是中國參與東北亞各國緊密合作最前沿陣地。然而，中國東北地區迄今尚未形成與東北亞各國緊密對接的經貿互惠平臺，致一定程度上影響東北地區經濟發展。本研究不局限於東北傳統意義上的老工業基地經濟板塊，而將目光瞄準在全球化背景下的整個東北區域經濟未來走向與發展問題上，藉以驗證中國地緣戰略新突破在於東北地區，並從地緣關係、國際環境、生產要素與市場互補性，解構其與東北亞周邊國家經貿互動關係與合作依據，進一步研究「振興東北」承接日、韓產業轉移能力以及其在東北亞經濟合作中之促進作用與發展前景。此外，針對影響「振興東北」成效之內部桎梏體制與外部環境挑戰進行客觀剖析，審慎評估「振興東北」策略是否達到中國預期目標。 “Rejuvenate the Northeast”, proposed during the 16th National Conference of the Chinese Communist Party in 2003, represents a major economic development policy initiative modeled along the lines of the previous “Develop the West” policy. The “Ten One Five” plan, announced in 2006, reconfirmed “Rejuvenate the Northeast” as one of the plan’s most important development initiatives. Over the coming half decade, economic development in China’s Northeast will be seen as a bellwether of the effectiveness of the policies of China’s leadership under Hu Jingtao.Unlike recent innovative economics being pursued in other parts of China, where systems are literally being remade from scratch, the crux of economic development in the Northeast is the “implanting” of a market-based system of resource allocation into the existing industrial framework. The power of the market, it is hoped, will spur improvement and transformation by achieving regional economic equilibrium and stable growth, while existing industries pass in relative stability through this period of change. Like the poverty reduction strategies followed in western China, “Rejuvenate the Northeast” heavily targets wealth growth by leveraging the region’s rich natural resources, extensive transportation network, outstanding pool of technically-skilled people and well-developed heavy and chemical industries. Therefore, in working to rejuvenate the Northeast, China is working to adjust the structure of the region’s industrial base while concurrently implementing technical reform of its existing industrial base in order to better plug northeastern China’s economy into the needs of international economic development.For Mainland China, “Rejuvenate the Northeast” means more than coordinating economic development between regions and achieving an equilibrium in the pace of growth. The ability of such a program to bring economic prosperity to the Northeast, long held in the shackles of the inertia of planned economics, is a major test of China’s efforts overall to bring the regions into relative equilibrium, implement harmonious development and stay on course toward developing a healthy society. In light of the quickening pace of both globalization and the integration of regional economies, China’s Northeast promises to be one of the most important, and most sensitive, of the global economies battlegrounds. This can only be further heightened by the fact that the Northeast will stand at the forefront of any international cooperative initiative between China and the countries of northeastern Asia. The fact that China’s Northeast has yet to become a mutually beneficial economic platform for Chinese cooperation within northeast Asia certainly has influenced the course and extent of economic development in this part of the country.This research is not limited to the traditional economy of China’s Northeast, which is rooted in traditional heavy industries, but rather expands its scope to examine economic growth trends in the Northeast against the backdrop of the global economy as well as relevant development issues. Therefore, research attempts to validate new breakthroughs in China’s geostrategy underway in the Northeast and explain the emergent international economic interrelationships and cooperative arrangements being forged in northeastern Asia in terms of geopolitical, international environmental, production and market factors with the further objectives of researching the ability of “Rejuvenate the Northeast” to prepare China’s Northeast to become a focus of offshore investment for Japanese and Korean firms looking to shift second-tier technologies and production offshore as well as to foster regional economic cooperation and lay the groundwork of future economic growth and prosperity. In addition, this research assesses from a subjective point of view both the internal structural impediments and external environmental challenges that face “Rejuvenate the Northeast” in order to determine whether the program will truly be able to achieve the results anticipated by the Chinese central government.
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