| 摘要: | 王爾德兩本童話故事集的價值在學術研究裡經常被貶低而忽視，評論家一方面出於解讀的困難而無法將其與其他作品或王爾德的美學思想作連結；另一方面，由於大部分的讀者（包含評論家）對於童話故事的了解有根本上的誤解和迷思，導致王爾德童話故事的誤讀、誤解和錯誤評價。因此，本論文試圖連結王爾德的美學思想和其童話故事之間的關系，同時嘗試以精神分析的角度對其美學與倫裡作新的閱讀。在緒論中，首先闡述英國童話故事在意識形態與烏托邦的碰撞下，如何在維多利亞時代的歷史背景中形成獨立的文類，同時指出一般讀者對童話故事的謬誤，並加以區分口述民間故事和文字記錄的民間故事，以及童話故事的差別，破除讀者對童話故事的迷思。第一章透過重新閱讀王爾德的《意向集》和《社會主義下人的靈魂》等論文，以布洛赫的理論說明王爾德美學中經常被忽略的烏托邦精神，並在本章後半以佛洛伊德的理論來陳述王爾德美學作為「希望的美學」所遭遇的困難。第二章以拉岡和佛洛依德的精神分析理論為主，對王爾德的美學和倫理做全面的討論，說明其所追求的「完美（人格）」為何，並指出其背後隱而不現的「幻界」問題。第三章對王爾德在兩本童話故事集裡的九個故事作詳細的精神分析式閱讀，說明王爾德如何以童話故事建構自己的「反面烏托邦」，以及背後所隱藏的希望和幻界，並分析王爾德的童話作品如何做為他自身純粹美學的「徵候」。藉由重讀王爾德本身關於美學與倫理的論文和拉岡精神分析理論的幫助，重新認識王爾德也重新評價他的兩本童話故事集的價值和重要性。
In the study circle of Wilde, his two collections of literary fairy tales have been undervalued and marginalized. On the one hand, it is because some critics bother with their disconnection with Wilde’s other works or his Aesthetics and have difficulties to comprehend and interpret them. On the other, Wilde’s tales are misread, misinterpret and evaluated wrongly because most readers, including the critic, possess an essential misunderstanding and fallacy towards the literary fairy tale. Hence this thesis intends to bridge the gap between Wilde’s Aesthetics and fairy tales and attempts to discuss his Aesthetics and Ethics in a new vision of psychoanalytic perspective. In my Introduction, I first explicate how the literary fairy tale, under the historical background of Victorian Age, becomes an independent genre during the dialect of ideology and utopia in England. And by distinguishing the literary fairy tale from the oral folk tale and the transcribed oral tale, I attempt to break the common fallacy and myth towards the fairy tale. In Chapter One, by rereading Wilde’s essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism and others in Intentions with Ernst Bloch’s principle of hope, I try to highlight the hidden spirit of utopia in his Aesthetics. Moreover, in the latter part of this chapter, I point out the difficulties that Wilde encounters in pursuit of his Aesthetics of hope with Freud’s theory of man’s inclination towards aggression. Based on Freud and Lacan’s theories, Chapter Two aims to discuss the Wildean Aesthetics and Ethics fully in a psychoanalytic way and attempts to point out the veiled fantasy behind Wilde’s pursuit of man’s “perfect personality.” Following the discussion of Chapter Two, Chapter Three aims to analyze Wilde’s nine tales in a Lacanian way and explicates how Wilde’s dystopian fairyland reflects his own fantasy and symptoms while he struggles between the reality and his aesthetic beauty. To reread Wilde’s essays about his Aesthetics and Ethics with the help of Lacanian psychoanalysis, we could know Wilde in a new respect and reconsider the significance and value of his two collections of fairy tales. |
