| 摘要: | 自柏林圍牆在1989年拆除後，發生一連串令人難以預料之事。諸如整個東德運作體系的瓦解、選舉投票時選民政黨認知的改變、和急於統一的心態。這些事件表面上看來似乎為統一後的德國建立一個良好政治環境。然而，本文擬從另一面向來探封最近德國境內，因為社會和政經事件而最後將導致政治文化變遷的問題。藉由系統支持和政治參與理論，本文研究問題包括（1）德東興德西人民在統一前與後在政治文化趨向民主化程度的比較。（2）在政治態度改變及參與傾向上， 德東與德西人彼此間差異程度如何？分析結果指出，自1949德國分裂以來，德東和德西對民主體制的熟知情感評估存有很大的差距。因此，統一並不代表兩種政治文化的融合，而是縮小差距的開始。走向民主化雖然是德國既定之路，但如何先克服人民在價值觀念和看法上的差異，卻是政府亟待解決的問題。The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 took everyone by surprise. The events that followed were scarcely more predictable such as the collapse of the whole system in the East Germany, swift election, and the dramatic rise in the sentiment for unification. It seems that the events of 1989-91 finally led to create a foundation for the united Germany. However, this paper focuses on a major recent debate on the determinism of cultural and economic factors in affecting German future political culture development. By applying the theory of system support and political participation, this article tries to answer the following questions: how far has the population of the former East and West Germany moved in the direction of political orientations that are compatible with a democratic political system? And in the process of attitudinal change have Western Germans further distanced themselves from East Germans? This analysis points out that since the division of Germany in 1949, the East and West Germans had different cognitive, affective and evaluative orientations toward democracy. As a result, the unification does not mean that both different political cultures will mix together automatically. On the contrary, it represents a new starting point for both sides to reduce the scope. Although the united Germany has to make the transition to democratic order, the differences in value-orientation between both sides are more crucial than at first estimated. Key Words: Political Culture, Reunification, Germans, System Support, Diffuse Support, General Support, Attitude Change, Political Participant Orientation, Democracy, Communist Regime. |
