| Abstract: | 本研究的目的在於比較傳統資訊系統與專家系統兩者的發展方法論。文章首先探討了傳統資訊系統與專家系統的發展方式,然後比較並陳述兩者的異同點。研究結果顯示,兩者在系統發展時都應用了生命週期的觀念,但在細節處仍有所不同。在雛型法方面,專家系統與傳統資訊系統在開發上使用雛型的目的與產品化程度有很大的差別。在目前廣為使用的結構化分析設計法方面,由於專家系統開發時的重點為知識表示,與傳統資訊系統的開發重點系統描述差異甚大,故結構化工具並不適用於專家系統的發展上。在自動開發法觀點方面,目前專家系統工具與電腦輔助軟體工程工具都已提供給系統發展者一個較佳的環境,使得系統的開發可以更加迅速且更有效率。在物件導向觀點方面:傳統資訊系統發展已有數個物件導向方法論可供支援,但在專家系統的開發,尚無一完整的物件導向方法論,而雖然使用者自建系統在組織中已蔚為風尚,但專家系統的發展則較少有使用者獨立自建方式。
The purpose of this study is to compare the development methodologies of traditional information systems with those of expert systems. This research first surveyed the development methodologies for traditional information systems and expert systems, then their similarities and dissimilarities are compared and outlined. The research results show that both systems apply life- cycle concept in the system development process, however, each process might not possess the same details. The prototyping approach to traditional information systems is remarkably different from that to expert systems, in terms of orientation to final products and design goals. The structured analysis and design, the most used methodology in developing traditional information systems, is not applicable in expert systems, since the expert systems requiring knowledge representation are totally dissimilar to the descriptions of traditional information systems. In automating the development process, both CASE tools and expert systems building tools provide better environments to accelerate the development of traditional information systems and expert systems. In object-oriented approach, there are several object-oriented methodologies proposed for traditional information systems, but there are none for developing expert systems. Finally, unlike end-user computing phenomenon spreads in organizations, few end- users develop their own expert systems for applications independently. |
