Background: Motor skill learning among individuals with special needs—particularly those with cerebral palsy (CP)—remains an underexplored yet critical area within the field of adapted physical activity. While blocked and random practice schedules have been extensively studied in the general population, their differential effects on individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities remain insufficiently understood. This study addresses the following research question: In Boccia throwing, how do blocked versus random practice schedules affect acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (4-week) outcomes after an 8-week intervention in two populations—individuals with disabilities and healthy adults? The hypotheses is Practice Schedule (blocked vs. random) × Group (healthy adults vs. individuals with disabilities) × Time interaction on Boccia throwing accuracy (lower AE and VE indicate better performance). Methods: To answer the question, a longitudinal design will be adopted. Participants will be stratified based on functional motor classification and randomly assigned to either blocked or random practice conditions. The intervention will consist of two 30-minute sessions per week for eight weeks. Performance accuracy will be assessed at three time points: post-acquisition, immediate retention, and delayed retention (four weeks post-training). The expected findings that individuals with disabilities will demonstrate superior learning performance in the blocked practice group, while healthy adults will benefit more from random practice in terms of skill retention and performance consistency. Contributions: This research seeks to inform the optimization of evidence-based training strategies in Paralympic sports and adapted physical education. Ultimately, the results will provide both theoretical insights and practical guidance for coaches, therapists, and physical educators working with individuals with special needs. The study is scheduled as follows: participant recruitment and group assignment will begin in January 2026; the intervention and data collection will be conducted from March to June; data analysis and preparation of the research report will take place in July to August; a conference presentation is planned for September; and manuscript drafting and journal submission will occur from October to December.
