Dual bulk and surface passivation of 3D perovskite solar cells using zwitterionic molecules

doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101933

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Title:	Dual bulk and surface passivation of 3D perovskite solar cells using zwitterionic molecules
Authors:	Tseng, Kai-Wei;Chen, Guan-Lin;Chen, Po-Yuan;Hsieh, Hsiao-Chi;Wang, Leeyih
Date:	2025-08
Issue Date:	2026-03-04 12:05:31 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	Elsevier
Abstract:	Defect passivation plays a pivotal role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), effectively mitigating non-radiative recombination and significantly enhancing their photovoltaic performance and stability. Herein, the zwitterionic molecule cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) was introduced into 3D triple-cation lead mixed-halide (CsFAMA) perovskite films, enabling dual bulk and surface passivation. The quaternary ammonium group in CAPB established electrostatic interactions with iodine ions in PbI2, while its carboxylate and amide C=O groups coordinated with Pb2+ ions, effectively suppressing non-radiative recombination. Devices incorporating CAPB achieved a notable maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.47 % and demonstrated exceptional humidity resistance, retaining 98 % of their initial PCE after 4,080 h under 25 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Additionally, hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxylate C=O, amide C=O, and N-H groups in CAPB and the N-H groups of amines effectively mitigated amine volatilization at elevated temperatures. As a result, CAPB-based devices maintained 93 % and 80 % of their original PCE after 1,872 h at 65 °C and 85 °C, respectively. The successful integration of CAPB for dual bulk and surface passivation underscores its significant potential in advancing photovoltaic technologies.
Relation:	52, p.101933
DOI:	10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101933
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article

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