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https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/123219
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| Title: | Integrating Health Data-Driven Machine Learning Algorithms to Evaluate Risk Factors of Early Stage Hypertension at Different Levels of HDL and LDL Cholesterol |
| Authors: | Liao, Pen-Chih;Chen, Ming-Shu;Jhou, Mao-Jhen;Chen, Tsan-Chi;Yang, Chih-Te;Lu*, Chi-Jie |
| Keywords: | health data-driven;high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C);low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C);hypertension;machine learning |
| Date: | 2022-08-14 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-04-28 17:19:21 (UTC+8) |
| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major worldwide health burden. As the risk
factors of CVD, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are most mentioned. Early stage hypertension in
the population with dyslipidemia is an important public health hazard. This study was the application
of data-driven machine learning (ML), demonstrating complex relationships between risk
factors and outcomes and promising predictive performance with vast amounts of medical data,
aimed to investigate the association between dyslipidemia and the incidence of early stage hypertension
in a large cohort with normal blood pressure at baseline. Methods: This study analyzed
annual health screening data for 71,108 people from 2005 to 2017, including data for 27 risk-related
indicators, sourced from the MJ Group, a major health screening center in Taiwan. We used five
machine learning (ML) methods—stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), multivariate adaptive regression
splines (MARS), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (Lasso), ridge regression
(Ridge), and gradient boosting with categorical features support (CatBoost)—to develop a
multi-stage ML algorithm-based prediction scheme and then evaluate important risk factors at the
early stage of hypertension, especially for groups with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)
and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels within or out of the reference range. Results:
Age, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, and Creactive
protein (CRP) were associated with hypertension. The hemoglobin level was also a positive
contributor to blood pressure elevation and it appeared among the top three important risk factors
in all LDL-C/HDL-C groups; therefore, these variables may be important in affecting blood pressure
in the early stage of hypertension. A residual contribution to blood pressure elevation was found in
groups with increased LDL-C. This suggests that LDL-C levels are associated with CPR levels, and
that the LDL-C level may be an important factor for predicting the development of hypertension.
Conclusion: The five prediction models provided similar classifications of risk factors. The results
of this study show that an increase in LDL-C is more important than the start of a drop in HDL-C
in health screening of sub-healthy adults. The findings of this study should be of value to health
awareness raising about hypertension and further discussion and follow-up research. |
| Relation: | Diagnostics 12(8), 1965 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/diagnostics12081965 |
| Appears in Collections: | [Graduate Institute & Department of Business Administration] Journal Article
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