| Abstract: | 在以往以“改善居住品質，提高土地使用效率”的價值取向之下，大陸許多大城市呈現千城一面的景象。而未被開發或是被適度開發的舊區，反而讓現代都市所缺少的“街道芭蕾”得以留存。在大陸從大拆大建的高速城市化階段轉入“新常態”下的存量規劃的背景下，探究在控制性政策的發生變化的情況下，城市中基礎設施相對滯後的歷史街區應如何發揮自己的優勢發展出獨有的特色。
因此，在社區安全得到保證的基礎上，歷史街區的開發應盡可能保留社區的多樣性、生活方式多元化甚至發展社區生活的多元化。而這些多元化的生活方式及社區多樣性最根本的是以來於長期生活在此的“人”的延續。歷史街區的發展關鍵，應從“改善居住品質，提高土地使用效率”轉變為“以舊區中的生活氛圍作為舊區開發的根本價值判斷”。
本文以廈門營平片區及其周邊地區為例，希望從三個方面影響人與社區、城市的關係。
1. 都市與社區：作為歷史街區，其保留的意義是讓都市的居民經驗到生活的多樣性和歷史文化的豐富性。其與都市應是相融狀態，而非相互隔離。
2. 社區的生活方式：對於社區中生活的人，基礎設施的提高是與他們的日常生活最直接相關的，包括生活的安全衛生，便捷舒適以及生活方式的多樣性。其中就涉及居住的防火排水、通風採光，適宜街道尺度的步行社區或是替代性交通工具的介入，以及與多樣化的生活方式配套的服務設施。
3. 社區與產業由於舊區基礎設施的落後，必然造成舊區中多數為中低收入人群，隨著基礎設施的提高，可能帶來居住者的逐步汰換，這是與上文提到的理念相悖的。通过新的產業入駐，為這些弱勢群體帶來額外收入的途徑就顯得十分重要。
針對具體的空間和社區，本文分別從“玫瑰聖母堂”、“八市大樓”和“天一樓慶讓堂”入手，從都市與社區，社區的生活方式，社區與產業三個方面以硬體的操作和軟體上的修正，影響人與社區、城市的關係。在改善居民現存的硬體環境品質的基礎上，建立新的系統和運行規則以更加方便他們的生活，并引導生活。除此之外，嘗試引入可以與社區需求互補的產業，試圖增加居民的額外收入途徑，從而建立舒適的生活區。
In the context of the Mainland China from the large-scale construction of high-speed urbanization stage into the “New Normal” Stocking planning to explore the changes in the control policy in the case of urban infrastructure in the relatively lagging historical blocks should be how to play their own advantages to develop a unique feature.
In the "to improve the quality of living, improve land use efficiency," the value of the orientation under the mainland, many large cities show thousands of side of the scene. But not developed or was moderately developed old area, but let the modern city of the lack of "street ballet" to be retained.
Therefore, based on the assurance of community security, the development of historical blocks should be as much as possible to preserve the diversity of the community, diversify the way of life and even the development of community life diversification. And these diversified lifestyles and community diversity is the most fundamental since the long-term living in this "people" continuation. The key to the development of historical blocks should be changed from "improving the quality of living and improving the efficiency of land use" into "the value of living in the old district as the fundamental value of the development of the old district".
This paper takes Xiamen Yingping Area and its surrounding areas as an example, hoping to influence the relationship between people and community and city from three aspects: urban and community, community life style, community and industry.
City and community
As a historical block, its reservation is to let the residents of the city experience the diversity of life and the richness of history and culture. Its city should be blending state, rather than mutual isolation.
Community lifestyle
For people living in the community, the improvement of infrastructure is most directly related to their daily life, including the safety and hygiene of life, the convenience of comfort and the diversity of lifestyles. Which involves living in the fire drainage, ventilation and lighting, suitable for street scale walking community or alternative vehicle intervention, as well as with a variety of lifestyles supporting the service facilities.
Community and industry
As the old infrastructure in the backward, will inevitably lead to the majority of the old area for the low-income groups, with the improvement of infrastructure, may bring the gradual replacement of residents, which is contrary to the concept mentioned above. Through the new industry settled, for these vulnerable groups to bring additional revenue path is very important.
For the specific space and community, this article from the "Rose of Our Lady", "eight city building" and "Tianyi floor Qing Tong Tang" start from the city and community, community life style, community and industry three aspects of hard The operation of the body and the software on the amendment, affecting people and the community, the relationship between the city. On the basis of improving the existing hardware environment of the residents, the establishment of new systems and operating rules to more convenient for their lives and guide life. In addition, try to introduce industries that can complement the needs of the community, trying to increase the residents of the additional income channels, so as to establish a comfortable living area. |
