| 摘要: | 由於職場友誼對個人、團隊和組織的重要性、與職場友誼相關的議題研究數量在國內外逐漸增加，未來將持續受到重視及職場友誼研究之分歧與複雜，有必要建構一個觀念性模式來瞭解職場友誼的因果關係，除補充職場友誼的因果變項相關整合研究的缺口外，亦期能起先導作用。
本研究採文獻分析法及內容分析法，以國內外與職場友誼相關的論文為研究對象，其中：以國家圖書館「臺灣碩博士論文知識加值系統」和「臺灣期刊論文索引系統」登錄至2016年10月之全部有關職場友誼的相關論文為國內部分的抽樣主體，採普查的方式共確認有122篇，及以立意抽樣方式從特定國際期刊中選取20篇與職場友誼相關的論文做為國外論文的樣本。本研究根據國內外論文中與職場友誼前因和後果相關之研究變項，採取分類和整合方式，彙整出影響職場友誼的因素、影響結果因素和調節效果，並建構一個職場友誼因果關係觀念性模式及藉由相關理論的推演來驗證其合理性。
此外，因職場友誼起於友誼機會，是職場中的人際關係，也是一種彼此互惠、平等的關係，與社會交換相關，且目前文獻中缺乏運用社會交換理論來探討職場友誼，故本研究也嘗試以社會交換理論的主要概念來探討職場友誼。
本研究有下列重要發現：
1. 社會交換理論的報酬、溝通、吸引力、公平分配、認同、信任、承諾、支持等主要概念與職場友誼的內涵相同。
2. 職場友誼的影響因素有個人因素、人際關係、主管因素、工作因素和組織因素，並可進一步整合為個人因素、工作因素和工作環境知覺；影響結果有人際關係結果、工作結果和組織結果；職場友誼對於個人因素、主管因素、工作因素和組織因素與個人結果、工作結果和組織結果間具調節作用。
3. 本研究建構之職場友誼因果關係觀念性模式具合理性。
The major propose of this study is to construct a conceptual model to understand the causal relationship of workplace friendship. This study adopted documents analysis and content analysis to construct the model by classifying and inducing the relatd variables with workplace friendship. The related documents of workplace friendship in domestic and foreign research were surveyed. The samples include 122 research copies in domestic research works (include theses, dissertations and journals) whjch were sampled from the sampling frame－National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertation in Taiwan and PerioPath Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System; and 20 papers in foreign journals which were sampled by purposive sampling the related journals with workplace friendship. The research variables related to workplace friendship were divided into the factors of influence, the factors of result and moderators. In addition, this study also discuss the relationship between workplace friendship and Social Exchange Theory(SET).
The main findings in this study are: (1) the principal concepts of SET are same to the meanings of workplace friendship, such as reward, communication, attraction, equitable distribution, identity, trust, commitment and support; (2) the factors influencing workplace friendship are: individual, interpersonal relationship, work, supervisor and organization; the factors are affected by workplace friendship are: the result of interpersonal relationship, the result of work and the result of organization；workplace friendship is the moderator between individual, work, supervisor, organization and the result of interpersonal relationship, the result of work , the result of organization; and(3) the conceptual causal model of workplace friendship has rationality. |
