Three essays on technical efficiency of national production under heterogeneous technologies : stochastic frontier analysis

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Title:	Three essays on technical efficiency of national production under heterogeneous technologies : stochastic frontier analysis
Other Titles:	異質技術下的國家生產效率:隨機邊界模型的應用
Authors:	楊麗君;Yang, Li-Jiun
Contributors:	淡江大學產業經濟學系博士班朱雲鵬;Chu, Yun-Peng
Keywords:	技術效率;生產效率;潛在類別隨機邊界模型;潛在類別分析;隨機邊界分析;經濟成長;總要素生產力;技術進步;東亞經濟奇蹟;Production Frontier;Production Efficiency;Latent Class Analysis;LCSFM;LCSFA;total factor productivity;Output Growth
Date:	2017
Issue Date:	2018-08-03 14:41:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本博士論文係由三篇獨立論文組合而成，每篇論文都是透過超越對數（Translog）生產函數及隨機邊界法，對全世界各國進行經濟績效之評估。第一篇名為「 Technical Efficiency of National Production under Heterogeneous Technologies: A Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Approach」，研究對象為全世界人口較多、具代表性的三十個國家，期間涵蓋1970年至2005 年，長達36年，總計 1,080 筆縱橫（Panel）資料。主要實證結果顯示：採用潛在類別隨機邊界法，可將全世界各國區分為兩類不同技術型態群組；其中，群組一是具競爭性的領導國家，群組二則是落後的追隨者。具競爭性的領導族群國家生產效率明顯高於落後的追隨國家，並且不論是族群一或族群二國家的生產效率，都明顯高於採用一般傳統隨機生產邊界模型 (例如 Battese and Coelli, 1992)的生產效率。顯然，可區別不同技術型態的潛在類別隨機邊界模型，有效將傳統單一技術類型隨機生產邊界模型中歸於無效率項下的成分，成功篩出並歸於技術型態的不同，降低了模型誤差並更準確的估計世界各國生產效率。此外，兩個不同技術型態群組國家，不論個別投入產出貢獻，或相乘項的投入產出貢獻也都不相同；同樣的，兩個不同技術型態群組國家，其決定生產效率的因素也大不相同。第二篇篇名為「Efficiency Drivers of Nations: A Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Approach」，有別於前一篇運用教育和專利數做為區隔變數，本文係採用石油危機、金融危機和通貨膨脹危機做為區隔變數。第三篇篇名為「 Sources of East Asian Productivity Growth: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis」，有別於前兩篇使用潛在類別隨機邊界模型，本章節採用傳統隨機生產邊界模型(例如 Battese and Coelli, 1992)，在傳統的生產要素勞動、資本、人力資本外，同時導入十個影響國家生產的環境變數探討東亞十國的生產效率和總要素生產力。結果顯示，東亞十國的總要素生產率占經濟成長率的比重頗高，遠高於早先「成長會計法 (growth accounting approach)」文獻。換言之，我們的結果顯示，東亞十國的經濟成長並非來自要素累積，反而主要是來自總要素生產力的成長。整體總要素生產力的來源又以技術進步為大宗，技術效率反而成為拖累總要素成長的因素之一。 The source of nation efficiency and Total Factor Productivity has begun to receive greater attention in academic circles and researchers started to discuss the factors that may influence the individual’s inefficiency and specified the inefficient term to be heterogeneous and affected by some exogenous variables. In this dissertation, in order to detect efficiency drivers and incorporate exogenous variables, two type of heterogeneous technology model are utilizing. Not only the classical models, such as the Battese and Coelli (1992), but also the new developed models, such as the latent class stochastic frontier model are detected. In the first(chapter 2) and second (chapter 3) thesis, we apply recent advances of latent class stochastic frontier analysis in the world production frontier to examine levels of technical efficiency and efficiency drivers while in the chapter 4, the classical Battese and Coelli (1992,1995) models is utilizing to detect the sources of East Asian Productivity Growth. This dissertation consists of three independent papers. Each of them utilizing different stochastic frontier analysis models explores technical efficiency of national production under heterogeneous technologies. The first paper is entitled “Technical Efficiency of National Production under Heterogeneous Technologies: A Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Approach” The production efficiency of the 30 most populous countries from 1970 to 2005 is analyzed using a latent class stochastic frontier model (LCSFM) that explicitly accounts for the difference in technological regimes. We find that the sample countries can be characterized by two distinct classes: “competitive leaders” and “pursuant stragglers”. Countries of the “competitive leaders” group experienced a higher technical efficiency than their pursuant stragglers counterparts, while using the traditional stochastic frontier analysis results in lower-biased estimates on technical efficiency for both groups. Estimates on the translog production function suggest that inputs’ contributions to output and their interactions on affecting output vary between two classes. Moreover, determinants of inefficiency also exhibit different influences between two classes. The title of the second thesis is “Efficiency Drivers of Nations: A Latent Class Stochastic Frontier Approach”. Apart from the first paper incorporating oil crises, financial crises and hyperinflation crises, it instead, utilizes education and patents as separating variables. The title of the third paper is “Sources of East Asian Productivity Growth: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis” In this study, we used the Stochastic Frontier approach to estimate and decompose Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in 10 East Asian countries. The result shows when output growth rates are compared, the general pattern observed indicates that the trend of TFP growth for East Asian countries is prominent and accounts for a larger proportion of output growth than most growth accounting approach estimated previously. In addition, the technical change (technological innovation) contributes considerably to TFP and economic growth in East Asian countries at the aggregate level. However, a poor record of efficiency has proven detrimental to enhancing productivity growth in East Asian countries.
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