| 摘要: | 依據聯合國預估，臺灣將是全球人口結構老化速度最快的地區之一，高齡且身心失能人口的長期照顧需求，必將成為家庭與社會的沉重負擔，進而影響我國未來的經濟發展。歐、美、日等先進國家早自上世紀80年代起，即開始重視「高齡化社會」的衍生問題，並建構長期照顧產業的配套措施；反觀我國卻遲至邁入更高比率的「高齡社會」前夕，方才於2015年公布「長期照顧服務法」，並預計自2017年開始實施「長期照顧十年計畫2.0」，應變步調緩慢令人憂心。
臺灣推展長期照顧產業的準備時間(產業形成期與成長期)，未如歐、美、日等先進國家那般充裕，另因伴隨著少子、長壽、低薪、高房價、退休制度不完善、老年問題認識淡薄、傳統孝養觀念約束、建物老舊且欠缺無障礙設施等特殊的社會發展脈絡，使得我們所面對的挑戰更加急迫而嚴峻。
面對高齡化社會的到來，國內產、官、學各界雖已進行配套措施的研究，但卻忽略分析我國人口政策及長期照顧產業發展之可行性；另自我國「長期照顧十年計畫 2.0（2017~2026 年）」公布之後，尚未有相關文獻進行分析。
本論文擬參考先進國家因應高齡化社會之發展經驗，並依循我國「人口政策綱領」、「社會福利政策綱領」、「人口政策白皮書」、「高齡社會白皮書」、「長期照顧服務法」等政策內涵，研究分析臺灣的人口政策及長期照顧產業發展之可行性，以及「長期照顧十年計畫 2.0」，提出關於國家財政困境、政府與既有業者服務量能不足、城鄉資源分配不均等財務、非財務面分析建議與未來可能遭受的問題，以作為臺灣推展長期照顧產業的參考。
According to the United Nations estimates, Taiwan will be one of the fastest growing areas of global population aging. The long-term care needs of the elderly and physically and mentally disabled will be a heavy burden on the family and society, thus affecting China''s future economic development. The Europe, the United States, Japan, and other advanced countries since the early 80s of last century began to pay attention to the “aging society” derivative problem, and the construction of long-term care industry supporting measures. On the other hand, the China is late to enter a higher rate of “senior Society”. It is expected that the “Long Term Care Scheme 2.0” will be implemented since 2017. The pace of change is slow and worrisome.
In Taiwan, the government hastily develops the long-term care industry. It is different to Euro, the United States, Japan and other advanced countries. In addition, because of the minority, longevity, low salaries, high prices, and retirement system, the law is imperfect. Moreover, the problems of the elderly, the traditional concept of filial piety, the construction of old, lack of barrier-free facilities, and other special social development context also bring more challenges so that the government suffers urgent and grim.
Facing the arrival of the aging society, the government and scholars have carried out research on supporting measures, but they ignore the feasibility of analyzing population policy and developing the long-term care industry. Although the “Long Term Care Scheme 2.0” is expected to perform from 2017 to 2026, there is no relevant literature for analysis.
The thesis intends to take into account the policies of the advanced countries in response to the development of the aging society and further consider the relevant policies such as “Population Policy Program”, the “Social Welfare Policy Program”, the “White Paper on Population Policy”, “White Paper on Older Society” and “Long-term Care Service Law”. The thesis address potential dilemmas including national finance, insufficient operation in business and government, and rural resources, and provide relevant suggestions for the development of long-term care industry in Taiwan. |
