鄧小平時期中共政治繼承之研究

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Title:	鄧小平時期中共政治繼承之研究
Other Titles:	A study of CPC 's political inheritance in Deng Xiaoping's
Authors:	張登順;Chang, Deng-Shun
Contributors:	淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班潘錫堂;Pan, Si-Tang
Keywords:	鄧小平;胡耀邦;趙紫陽;江澤民;政治繼承;接班人;總書記;Deng XiaoPing;Hu Yaobang;Zhao Ziyang;Jiang Zemin;political succession;successor;General secretary
Date:	2017
Issue Date:	2018-08-03 14:34:26 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	中共從1949年建政以來的六十多年歷史，以1978年12月的十一屆三中全會作為分界，有截然不同的發展情況。毛澤東為鞏固個人權力，發動文化大革命鬥倒自己的指定接班人劉少奇。之後因林彪軍方勢力對毛澤東造成威脅，毛澤東又對林彪發動鬥爭使其外逃身亡，加上江青為首的四人幫為爭奪權力不斷興風作浪，毛澤東時期的中國大陸不僅經濟發展停滯，政治運作上也因圍繞政治繼承問題而持續動盪不安。 1976年毛澤東過世後，鄧小平在與華國鋒的權力鬥爭中獲得勝利，於1978年12月的十一屆三中全會成為中共實際上的頭號領導人。鄧小平時期的中國大陸經濟有著明顯飛快的發展，鄧小平因此在中國大陸被稱為改革開放的總設計師。鄧小平有心建立包括最高領導人總書記職務在內的接班人制度，讓中國大陸的政治體制能穩定運作，但卻發生胡耀邦、趙紫陽兩位總書記的接班失敗教訓，直至江澤民之後的總書記才得以順利做完任期。本論文以時間為序，探考各項歷史事件，藉由派系鬥爭的角度來研究鄧小平何以能在毛澤東過世後成為中共實際上的最高領導人，以及造成胡耀邦、趙紫陽的接班失敗原因進行分析，並探究江澤民何以能在鄧小平接近凋零之際鞏固權力，使中共的政治繼承制度開始穩定運作，並對鄧小平在總書記的接班制度建立上的得失進行評析。 In past some sixty years, from the beginning of the China Community Party’s ruling China in 1949 to present time, The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee held in Dec. 1978 was the key event to divide the political development into different stages. In earlier stage, Mao raised the The Cultural Revolution to strike down Liu Shaoqi, the successor designated by himself, to concrete his own control in power. No sooner, Lin Biao’s strong influence in military became the new threat to Mao. Therefore, Mao began to attack him and caused him fled and died out of China. In addition, Jiang Qing, the leader of Four gangs, continuously stirred the country for acquisition of more political influence. Generally, during Mao’s governance, China got no economic growth, and wandered in the political rioting from the successor issue. While Mao died in 1978, Deng Xiaoping finally defeated Hia Guofeng from the fierce political warfare. In Dec. 1978. Deng was recognized as the highest leader in The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee. During Deng’s governance, China’s economy got very rapid growth. With the great economic achievement, Deng was named as the general designer of reformation. Deng also built up the take-over mechanism for the General Sectary Successor so that the political operation could run smoothly. However, Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang still failed to go onboard by relying the mechanism. Until Jiang Zemin’s move-up, the mechanism finally work successfully. Since then, the new General Sectary could expire his term of office. This paper follows the timeline to study the history events in past some sixty years. In the perspective of political conflicts in China, it explores how Deng could be exalted as the highest leader after Mao’s death, the causes why Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang failed to succeed, and why Jiang could secured his position in the twilight at sunset of Deng so that China’s successor mechanism began to go on its way. In addition, it also evaluates the gains and losses of Deng’s governance.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of China Studies] Thesis

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