日本外交決策過程與影響因素之研究

機構典藏 > College of International Affairs > Graduate Institute of Asian Studies > Thesis > Item 987654321/111728

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Title:	日本外交決策過程與影響因素之研究
Other Titles:	The study on Japanese diplomatic decision-making process and impact factors
Authors:	王鏡智;Wang, Ching-Chih
Contributors:	淡江大學亞洲研究所碩士班許慶雄
Keywords:	外交政策;國際參與;影響因素;日美安全保障;援助外交ODA;foreign policies;international participation;impact factors;Japan / United States Security Treaty;official development assistance;対外政策;国際参与;影響要因;日米安全保障体制;対外援助
Date:	2016
Issue Date:	2017-08-25 00:00:46 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	日本是第二次世界大戰的戰敗國，由美軍進行佔領與統治。但冷戰局勢的發展，使美國不得不改變世界戰略佈局，同時亦改變了日本的國際角色定位。美國試圖將日本建造成自由主義陣營的亞洲反共堡壘，於是將佔領政策由初期的非軍事化與民主化，轉為扶植日本經濟，並且協助儘快簽訂和約，使日本能成為主權獨立之國家，繼續堅守自由民主陣營之立場。戰後日本的國內政治發展漸趨成熟，五五年體制的形成使得日本邁向穩定的政黨政治。自民黨的長期執政讓日本的政策發展保有一貫性的思想核心。另一方面，日本的外交政策正處於一個重要的轉折點上。第二次世界大戰日本因戰敗而被美國占領，因此不得不選擇加入以美國為主導的西方安全與經濟體制中。二次世界大戰結束後迄今，國際安全出現重大的變化，日本也積極調整其外交政策，以發揮國際影響力，追求與它經濟力量相稱的政治領導。由於日本外交决策過程對日本外交政策本身産生的重大影響和戰後在日本外交决策過程中出現的新變化的重要意義，對戰後日本外交決策過程進行系統的研究是非常必要的。本論文以戰後至今的日本外交决策過程與影響因素爲主要研究對象，本研究發現：影響日本外交決策的演變，不能從單一面向來觀察和思考，而須綜合日本文官體系、國會制衡、政黨、利益團體影響下之國家政府體系及國際參與、日美安全保障體制、援助外交ODA之國際因素兩個層面的分析，闡明日本外交决策過程中出現的變化，趨勢及其原因 After World War II, as one of the vanquished, Japan was occupied and governed by the U.S. armed forces. However, with the evolution of Cold War situations, the U.S. had little choice but modified its strategic deployment across the world, which in turn changed Japan’s position and role in the international arena. With an aim to building Japan as an Asian anti-communist stronghold practicing liberal democracy, the U.S. amended its occupation policies from original demilitarization and democratization to prospering Japan’s economy and assisting Japan to sign peace treaty, allowing Japan to restore sovereignty and stay with liberal democratic practices. Japan’s domestic political environment further developed and became more and more mature after the War while the formation of 1955 System helped stabilize party politics in Japan. The long-term ruling by Liberal Democratic Party ensured Japan’s consistency in the theme of its national policies. On the other hand, Japan has been in a turning point in terms of its diplomatic policies. After the surrender in World War II and occupied by the U.S. armed forces, Japan was given no choice but participated in the Western security and economic system led by the U.S. The dramatic change in international security landscape since the end of World War II has allowed Japan of opportunities to seek an appropriate role in international political sphere equal to its economic status by actively adjusting its foreign policies and recovering its influences. Owing to the great impact of decision making processes on foreign policies as well as significance of changes in such processes after WW II, systematic analysis of decision making processes for Japan foreign policies after WW II becomes crucial. This paper explores the decision making processes for Japan foreign policies since the end of WW II and relevant influencing factors. Here are the findings: The influence on Japan’s diplomatic decision making are varied and shall not be observed and considered from a single aspect, while the entire civil IV service, parliamentary checks and balances, influence of political parties and interest groups on government system, international participation, Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the U.S. and Japan, and international factors of Official Development Assistance are all what it takes to analyze so that changes, trends and causes in Japan’s diplomatic decision making processes can be clarified.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of Asian Studies] Thesis

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