美國境內非法移民對國民所得分配之衝擊

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Title:	美國境內非法移民對國民所得分配之衝擊
Other Titles:	The impact of illegal immigration on U.S. income distribution
Authors:	官詠薪;Kuan, Yung-Hsin
Contributors:	淡江大學美洲研究所碩士班柯大衛
Keywords:	非法移民;所得分配;基尼係數;gretl統計軟體;技術性勞工;非技術性勞工;illegal immigration;Income distribution;Gretl;gini coefficient;Skill Labor;Unskilled Labor
Date:	2016
Issue Date:	2017-08-24 23:59:56 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2014年美國境內非法移民為1130萬人，非法移民的移入不僅為美國提供勞動力，使得各產業生產成本降低，卻間接或直接地對社會及治安帶來不容小覷的問題。本研究探討非法移民對美國境內勞工所得分配之影響，首先蒐集各州之非法移民數量，統計時間為8個不同時間點，並利用gretl統計軟體及四種迴歸模型進行數據分析，藉此檢視非法移民與所得分配之間的關聯性。理論模型指出：非法移民數量增加將會擴大所得分配的差距，實證結果符合先前的理論假設。此外，非法移民的數量確實影響所得分配，但影響之程度在數據上並不明顯，此為研究之重要發現。另外，美國所得分配不均之影響非法移民並非主因，即使迴歸分析闡明了非法移民確實對所得分配有影響，然而影響程度不大，不僅在數據以及整體勞工所得分配皆無顯著影響。因此，非法移民數量的增加並不能解釋美國整體經濟的走勢。非法移民數量的變動使財富分配不均，促使所得分配的差距程度增加。本研究雖未對勞工對象進行區分，但勞工所得分配不均確實由非法移民數量的增加所造成。對於不同勞工影響程度也不盡相同。實證結果中不論是哪一種迴歸分析，非法移民人口比例若增加10%，四種迴歸模型之基尼係數皆增加大約0.2%，增加幅度並不大，並且四種迴歸分析之信心指數皆為1%水準下非常顯著，代表迴歸分析數據非常可靠。因此，本研究之結果顯示出，非法移民與所得分配確實存在著關聯性，但影響程度在數據上並不明顯，非法移民的流入並無法解釋美國整體經濟。 In 2014, there are roughly 11.3 million of illegal immigrants in America. They not only provide more labor force but reduce the cost of producing products in every industry; however, they both directly and indirectly bring some problems which should not be underestimated to the society and public security. This study focuses on the impact of illegal immigration to American income distribution. First, we collect the population of illegal immigration of each state. Our statistic time is 8 separately different years, using statistical software gretl and 4 regression models to analyze the data in order to examine the relation between illegal immigration and income distribution.The theoretical model indicates that population of illegal immigrants will increase the gap of income distribution, and the result of empirical model corresponds the previous theoretical model. In addition, illegal immigrants indeed affect the income distribution, but it is not statistically obvious which is an important research finding. Illegal immigration is not the major factor of American income distribution even though the analysis of regression explains that the illegal immigrants truly influence the income distribution; however, both in statistics and the whole labor income are not obviously impacted. Therefore, the increasing of illegal immigrants cannot explain the American economic trend.The change in the number of illegal immigrants causes the uneven income distribution. In conclusion, the entering of illegal immigration cannot explain the whole American economy.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of the Americas] Thesis

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