第四次工業革命是第三次工業革命優化。因此，關鍵不在於軟硬體的開發或生產製造，而是「營運模式」和「服務模式」的創新思維與做法。台灣與中國大陸也都在2015年提出相關製造業政策，分別是「生產力4.0」與「中國製造2025」。「工業4.0」改變了兩岸製造業現況，智慧工廠提高了生產效能並帶動新商業模式的產生，物聯網結合資通訊產業，使相關技術貫穿供應鏈與生產鏈。代工模式將轉向OBM生產，並從原先的生產型製造轉向服務型製造，在微笑曲線中由成本優勢向技術優勢和市場優勢延伸。 Cyber-Physical Systems - a key concept in the context of German-pioneered Industry 4.0 – are most important in setting up smart production facilities. Industry 4.0 has the potential to optimise production processes, establish Configuration To Order mechanism, economise the energy and lead to an overall cost down. Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet Of Services(IoS) are derivatives of Industry 4.0 and essential to what is referred to as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Enterprises are still facing many obstacles though, such as finding new business models, network security, privacy concerns and the role of human employees. Hence manufacturers must develop strategies that enable them to transfer products to services.
Industry 4.0 changes the conventional paradigm of industry and commerce, so that both Taiwan and Mainland China bring up the new industrial policies. The Taiwan authorities put forward a policy called “Taiwan Productivity 4.0 Initiative”, whereas Mainland China put forward their “Made in China 2025” policy. The concept of “Smart factory” enhances production processes and incubates new business models. ICT combines IoT, effectively putting technology into the supply chain. In the past, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) were the dominant business models in the past. In our times, OBM (product-based manufacturing) is becoming the eminent business model that relies on service-based manufacturing.
