鑲嵌法之數位設計與構築

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Title:	鑲嵌法之數位設計與構築
Other Titles:	Tessellations for digital design and tectonic
Authors:	馮詠瑄;Fong, Yong-Syuan
Contributors:	淡江大學建築學系碩士班陳珍誠;游瑛樟;Chen, Chen-cheng;Yong, Ying-zhang
Keywords:	圖案;鑲嵌;參數化設計;互承結構;數位製造;pattern;Tessellation;Parametric Design;Reciprocal Structure;Digital Fabrication
Date:	2016
Issue Date:	2017-08-24 23:49:14 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究藉由《伊斯蘭的幾何圖形》一書，了解不同民族運用鑲嵌的圖案與如何繪製鑲嵌圖形，並結合數位設計工具加以探討。鑲嵌圖形在空間中的詮釋，不僅是二維的牆面藝術，也可以是三維的空間組織，因此思考如何經由數位設計與製造的過程，讓鑲嵌圖形得以新的形態在空間中出現。本研究的設計程序分為三個階段，以數位設計與數位製造相輔相成，讓對於鑲嵌圖形的了解重新以數位設計呈現，應用至各類形體的表面鑲嵌，再轉化成為具有結構行為的空間構築。第一個階段經由基本幾何的了解與分析後以數位設計重現並變化其樣式，以幾何形為基礎，將其樣式以鏡射、複製、旋轉、交錯等完成所分類的十七種伊斯蘭幾何圖案，通過第一階段的操作與了解圖案的基本變化再應用至第二階段的形體設計中。第二階段分別以方體、球體、橢圓體、與多面體，利用參數化設計軟體Grasshopper的Lunch Box分割表面，以三角形、方形、和菱形等方法分割各個形體，再設計出各種細部樣式已完成鑲嵌圖形。並利用數位製造將各種鑲嵌形體製作出來，利用不同材質與軟硬程度不同的紙板，以數位切割單元再將單元組構完成。另外，又嘗試不同的數位製造方式，以3D Print噴製鑲嵌形體，是不同於以單元式組構的另一種一體成形製造方式。第三階段思考鑲嵌樣式除了在空間中具有裝飾作用外是否還有其他可能，因此以互承結構方式轉變鑲嵌樣式成具有結構行為的模式。不同於前兩個階段繪製的鑲嵌圖形是運用網格來變化，互承結構分別以三種不同的空間狀態呈現：框架的桿件、元件的相互交疊、單元式的構件，並利用數位製造雷射切割的方式完成此階段的作品。藉由本研究對於鑲嵌圖形與空間型態的探討，可以了解鑲嵌圖形在建築空間中不僅有裝飾性並且能將多樣的圖形模式轉變成為空間結構的模式。另外也利用數位製造真實製作出各種鑲嵌樣式，利用模型討論增加樣式的多變性。希望本研究可供後續相關研究者參考，延續發展出更多鑲嵌圖形在空間中運用的可能性，並且利用參數化設計發展數位設計與製造以生產更多不同的建築樣式。 The research utilizes Geometric Pattern of Islam, to learn tessellation patterns applied by different nationalities and how to draw tessellation patterns, and to combine digital design tools for discussion. Annotation of tessellation patterns in space is not only 2D wall space art, but also 3D space organization; therefore, it shall be considered how to make tessellation patterns appear in new forms in space through digital design and fabrication processes. The design process of the research includes 3 phases, to make digital design and digital fabrication supplement each other, to represent learning of tessellation patterns in digital design, to apply to surface tessellation with all kinds of forms, and then to convert into space construction with structural behaviors. Phase 1 represents and derivatives style through digital design based on learning and analysis of basic geometry. Based on geometric shape, it finishes classified 17 geometric patterns of Islam through mirroring, reproduction, rotation, staggering and so on. The operation and learning of basic modification of pattern in Phase 1 are applied to shape design in Phase 2. In Phase 2, it utilizes parametric design software Grasshopper’s Lunch Box to divide surface through square body, sphere, ellipsoid and polyhedron, and utilizes methods of triangle, square and rhombus to divide shapes, and then designs tessellation patterns of which detailed styles are finished. It utilizes digital fabrication to fabricate various tessellation shapes and utilizes different materials and paperboard in different harnesses to finish unit composition through a digital cutting unit. Besides, it tries different digital fabrication methods, to spray tessellation shapes through 3D Print, which is another integral forming fabrication method different from unit composition. Phase 3 considers whether tessellation style has other function except decoration function in space, therefore it converts tessellation style into mode with structural behaviors through a reciprocal structure. Different from the tessellation patterns (changed through grid) drawn in the first 2 phases, the reciprocal structure is presented through 3 different space states: rod pieces of frame, mutual overlapped elements and unit components. It utilizes digital fabrication laser method to finish works in this phase. Through discussion on tessellation pattern and spatial pattern, it can be learnt that tessellation pattern has decoration in building space and can convert various pattern forms to the mode of spatial structure. Besides, it utilizes digital fabrication to manufacture various tessellation modes, and utilizes modes to discuss variety of styles. It hopes that the research can be reference for subsequent related researchers, thereby continuously developing possibility of application of more tessellation patterns in space and utilizing parametric design to develop digital design and fabrication, so as to generate more different building styles.
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