| 摘要: | 臺北市YouBike公共自行車創始於2009年，原採用前30分鐘免費優惠措施，於2015年4月起改為5元，之後費率則維持不變。本研究以2015年3月與6月共331萬餘筆旅次資料為基礎，進行費率調整前、後的旅次特性變化探討。原始數據包含個別旅次借車與還車的時間、地點，本研究進一步擴增收費金額、距離、速度、起迄租賃站周邊的社經屬性等欄位，利用敘述統計及資料挖掘方法，發現（1）取消使用前30分鐘免費措施後，假日旅次量減少43%，平日則減少14%，總平均減少26%，平日使用時段較為集中於上/下班時間；（2）每車的日周轉率雖由9.6次降至7.3次，但也因此舒緩了無車可借的情況；（3）騎乘時間、距離、速度未因費率調整而有明顯變化，均以2公里內的短程旅次為主，超過70%為30分鐘內之旅次，旅行時速約6.3公里/小時；（4）平均費用由3.3元提升至9.1元；（5）由收費金額與旅次數變化得知假日旅次的價格彈性高於平日、長時間旅次的價格彈性高於短時間；（6）48%的旅次端點之一為捷運站，而借還車熱點多發生於學校周邊與捷運站；（7）場站周遭200公尺內戶籍人口較多或收入較高時，YouBike使用需求較大。未來可考量於熱門時段針對中長時間（60分鐘以上）旅次採較高收費以降低缺車情況，並依據場站周邊社經屬性調整車位供給。
Taipei City public bike system, YouBike, was founded in 2009. It was free of charge for the first 30 minutes, and started to charge NT$5 since April, 2015. This research used data of 3,315,691 trips in March and June, 2015, to analyze trip characteristics before and after the fare adjustment. The original data include origins, destinations, and duration of individual trips. We further expended such data as travel cost, distance, speed, and socio-economic attributes around the bike stations. By using descriptive statistics and data mining, we find（1）Trips dropped about 43% on weekends, 14% on weekdays, and 26% on average after the fare adjustment. The peak periods on weekdays occurred in the morning and evening commuting hours. （2）The turnover rate decreased from 9.6 to 7.3 times per day per bike; this improved bike availability during the peak periods. （3）No significant differences were found regarding riding-time, distance and speed. Most trips were within 2 kilometers and over 70% trips were in 30 minutes. The average speed was 6.3 kilometers per hour. （4）The average travel cost was upgraded from NT$3.3 to NT$9.1. （5）The price elasticity on weekends was higher than that on weekdays, and long-time trip was also higher than short-time trip. （6）About 48% of the trips had one end at the MRT stations, and most trips occurred at the MRT stations or schools. （7）Areas around 200 meters by YouBike stations had greater demand given high population and high income. This research suggests a higher rate for over 60-minute trips in peak periods to avoid bike insufficiency, and bike supply adjustment according to socio-economic attributes around stations. |
