| 摘要: | 軍事組織是一個特別、高風險及高度科層制度的環境。軍隊中若發生不道德或虐待行為則常導致人員傷亡並引起社會的不安。每一個組織都它自己的倫理氣候，而軍事單位也不例外。軍事組織與企業以及一般機構相似，事實上現代的CEO功能與制度是根據德國總參謀部(German General Staff)演變而來。本研究是首次對軍事單位調查有關倫理工作氣候(ethical work climate, EWC)對組織公民行為及組織承諾的影響，並以個人與組織配適度(person-organization fit, P-O fit)做為中介關係進行探討。
本研究設立假設並進行檢驗，問卷樣本為台灣軍事組織的508位軍官。研究結果顯示軍事單位的倫理工作氣候(EWC)對組織公民行為、組織承諾及個人與組織配適度有顯著性正向關係，而個人與組織配適度對組織公民行為及組織承諾亦有顯著性正向關係。因此，個人與組織配適度在倫理工作氣候和組織公民行為中具有部分中介關係，且在倫理工作氣候和組織承諾之間亦是具有部分中介關係。此外，各種倫理工作氣候的型態、組織公民行為各構面及個人與組織配適的關係說明如次：
1.關懷型氣候(caring climate)和角色內行為(IRB)、對個人有利的組織行為(OCBI)之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
2.法律與規範型氣候(law and code climate)和角色內行為、對組織有利的組織行為(OCBO)之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
3.規則型氣候(rules climate)和角色內行為、對個人有利的組織行為及對組織有利的組織行為之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
4.工具型氣候(instrumental climate)和對組織有利的組織行為之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
5.獨立型氣候(independence climate)和對個人有利的組織行為、對組織有利的組織行為之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
另各種倫理工作氣候的型態、組織承諾各構面及個人與組織配適的關係說明如次：
1.關懷型氣候和情感性承諾(AC)、規範性承諾(NC)之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
2.法律與規範型氣候和持續性承諾(CC)、規範性承諾之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
3.規則型氣候和情感性承諾、規範性承諾之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係，但規則型氣候和規範性承諾之間有顯著性關係，而個人與組織配適在其中則有完全中介關係。
4.工具型氣候和情感性承諾、規範性承諾之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係。
5.獨立型氣候和持續性承諾之間有顯著性關係，且個人與組織配適在其中也具有部分中介關係，但獨立型氣候和規範性承諾之間有顯著性關係，而個人與組織配適在其中則具有完全中介關係。
本研究對於倫理工作氣候的應用與管理實務進行諸多討論，並對未來研究方向提出一些建議。特別的是我們對於國家民族性差異(nationality differences)的華人文化脈絡相關應用進行討論，例如：權力距離(power-distance)、儒家中庸思想(Confucian Doctrine of the Mean)、五倫(wu-lun)、關係(quanxi)以及報(pao)的觀念。
The military has a distinctive, high risk, and hierarchical organizational environment. Unethical or abusive behavior occurs in the military that leads to casualties and causes social unrest. Every organization has its own ethical climate, and military organizations are no exception. This is the first study to investigate how ethical work climates (EWCs) are related to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational commitment (OC) in military units by considering the mediating role of person-organization fit (P-O fit).
Research hypotheses were examined using sample data collected from 508 military officers in Taiwan. The results indicated that the EWC was significantly positively related to OCB, OC, and P-O fit. The P-O fit was significantly positively associated with OCB and OC. Therefore, the relationships between EWC and OCB and that between EWC and OC were partially mediated by P-O fit.
Regarding the results concerning the mediating effect of P-O fit on the relationships between types of EWCs and facets of OCB are as follow:
1.The relationships between the caring climate and IRB and that between the caring climate and OCBI were partially mediated by P-O fit.
2.The relationships between the law and code climate and IRB and that between the law and code climate and OCBO were partially mediated by P-O fit.
3.The relationships between the rules climate and IRB and that between the rules climate and OCBI were partially mediated by P-O fit. In addition, the relationship between the rules climate and OCBO was partially mediated by P-O fit.
4.The relationship between the instrumental climate and OCBO was partially mediated by P-O fit.
5.The relationships between the independence climate and OCBI and that between the independence climate and OCBO were partially mediated by P-O fit.
The relationships between EWC types and components of OC are as follow:
1.The relationships between the caring climate and AC and that between the caring climate and NC were partially mediated by P-O fit.
2.The relationships between the law and code climate and CC and that between the law and code climate and NC were partially mediated by P-O fit.
3.The relationships between the rules climate and AC and that between the rules climate and CC were partially mediated by P-O fit, but between the rules climate and NC was fully mediated by P-O fit.
4.The relationships between the instrumental climate and AC and that between the instrumental climate and CC were partially mediated by P-O fit.
5.The relationship between the independence climate and CC was partially mediated by P-O fit, but between the independence climate and NC was fully mediated by P-O fit.
Implications of EWC and practical management are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested. Especially, we discussed the implications of nationality differences about Chinese culture context, like power-distance, Confucian Doctrine of the Mean, wu-lun, quanxi, and pao. |
