西班牙《黑與白》雜誌(Blanco y Negro)是西班牙一本發行於每個週末的獨立週刊，內容包含了當時的藝術、文學、文化以及國家與國外的大事件，是一份知性且反映社會與時代的雜誌。 本論文主旨在探討《黑與白》從1891年至1910年間的封面圖像於題材與風格的轉變及其文化內涵，藉由西班牙1898年所發生的歷史重大事件：美西戰爭—巴黎和約作為分界點，考察二十世紀前後各十年的變化與特徵。 本論文分為五個章節： 【導 論】筆者將說明研究動機與目的、研究方法、研究範圍與限制。 【第二章】將探討十九世紀末到二十世紀初歐洲與西班牙的藝術思潮、西班牙「九八年代」作家對於九八危機反思的討論以及《黑與白》在1898年在封面圖像上所呈現的反映。 【第三章】將藉由封面圖像題材的分類來探討《黑與白》於十九世紀末(1891-1899年)與二十世紀初(1900-1910)前後兩階段的轉變。 【第四章】將藉由封面圖像的繪畫風格分類，透過皮爾斯的三元關係來探討《黑與白》所隱含的文化訊息。 【結論】總結本論文之研究結果。 本論文的主要目的就在於探索《黑與白》這本雜誌的封面圖像中所隱含的文化訊息，而透過第二章到第四章探討與分析，將可說明在這些圖像背後所隱含的某種文化力量；同時，也藉由參照比對的方式，可看出雖然對於處在時代轉捩點的西班牙，有受到來自歐洲藝術文化潮流的影響與衝擊，但是就此研究對象《黑與白》雜誌來看，西班牙傳統文化與宗教的穩定力量大過於外在環境的變化。 Spanish magazine “Black and White” (Blanco y Negro) is an independent magazinereleased in Spain every weekend, and it contains art, literature, culture and big events ofSpain and foreign countries, it is an intellectual magazine, whichreflects the society and the times. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the transition of the themes and styles on the cover images of “Black and White” from 1891 to 1910, by taking the Spanish-American War in 1898 as a demarcation point to examine the differences, changes and its cultural connotation within a decade’s time before and after the twentieth century. This thesis contains five chapters: 〔Chapter I〕This chapter is the introduction, which shows the motivation, the objective, the methodology, the frame and the limit of the investigation. 〔Chapter II〕The second chapter talks about the artistic trends in Europe and Spain from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Also talks about the reflections on the “crisis of ’98” by the Spanish writers in the ’98, and discusses the reflections that presents in the cover image of "Black and White" in 1898. 〔Chapter III〕This chapter talks about the changes and differences of the cover images of “Black and White”, between the late nineteenth century (1891-1899) and the early twentieth century (1900-1910), by cataloguing the cover images with the theme. 〔Chapter IV〕The fourth chapter talks about the cultural message that been implied in the cover images of “Black and White” through the Ternary Relation of Charles Sanders Pierce (1839-1914). 〔Chapter V〕Last chapter is the conclusion that summarizes the result of the thesis.
