高等教育的發展與國家的命運與需求息息相關，芬蘭高等教育在 其國家發展扮演重要角色。本文從芬蘭高等教育與國家發展的角度出 發，探討該國高等教育在不同時代之角色轉變，及近年來高等教育如 何因應國家所面對的挑戰。本文從學術傳統、國家發展、及成果導向 管理與競爭為主等三個階段，分別介紹芬蘭不同時期的社會、經濟、 與政治對高等教育之影響，以及其高等教育對此社會變革之回應。最 後並探討曾經強烈信奉福利國家理念的芬蘭，其高等教育在面對當今 全球化市場競爭及國際連結之需求時，開始追求效率與卓越，在自由 化市場下將面臨兼顧平等與市場的衝突與挑戰。
This paper analyzes the roles and changes of higher education in Finland, particularly from the perspective of social and national changes. The developments of higher education as well as the social, economic, and political/diplomatic factors shaping Finland’s higher education in three phases of orientation, “academic tradition”, “national development”, and “results and competition management”, arepresented.It also introduceshow Finnish higher education responds to the challenges facing the country and implemented reforms in those stages, particularly in recent years. Finally, the paper discusses how Finland, as a welfare nation underscoring social equality, faces the impact and tasks, as well as challenges, brought upon by the forces of globalization, internationalization, and marketization.
