聚偏二氟乙烯複合薄膜應用於海水淡化之研究

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Title:	聚偏二氟乙烯複合薄膜應用於海水淡化之研究
Other Titles:	A study on performance of PVDF composite membrane in seawater desalination
Authors:	邱士恩;Chiu, Shin-En
Contributors:	淡江大學化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班鄭東文;Cheng, Tung-Wen
Keywords:	直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾;聚偏二氟乙烯;平板薄膜;複合薄膜;Direct contact membrane distillation;Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF);Flat-sheet membrane;composite membrane
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2016-01-22 15:02:32 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究以聚偏二氟乙烯(poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF)膜材，並使用親水支撐層合成一平板親-疏水複合薄膜，來組裝模組進行直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾(Direct Contact Membrane Distillation, DCMD)用於海水淡化之效能探討，進料之模擬海水為3.5 wt%的NaCl水溶液。合成薄膜的組成為PVDF、磷酸三乙酯(Triethyl phosphate, TEP)及Tween-20的混合溶液，其中共四種條件分別為10、20、40、60 wt%磷酸三乙酯(TEP)水溶液，藉由硬性沉澱槽換成軟性沉澱槽的方式來改善平板薄膜表面結構。從SEM解析得知隨著磷酸三乙酯(TEP)在沉澱槽的比例增加薄膜表面大孔洞數量，探討其薄膜結構對蒸餾操作之影響。在實驗操作部分主要是探討不同的參數對薄膜蒸餾之滲透通量及鹽阻隔率之影響，DCMD中兩側流體流動是逆流方式，其它參數包括在進料溫度(50~70 oC)、進料速度(0.4~0.7 L/min)與不同進料濃度(純水~15wt%NaCl溶液)。在DCMD中其結果顯示隨著沉澱槽TEP wt%的比例增加，所製成的薄膜之通量皆會高於沒改質的薄膜，是由於隨著TEP在沉澱槽的比例增加薄膜表面皮層結構不易形成，且大孔洞數變多。且提高進料溫度能明顯增加滲透通量，但極化現象也較嚴重，而增加進料流率則對於滲透通量之提升較不顯著，但對於高溫進料操作之溫度極化現象具有較明顯改善效果。 In this study, the flat-sheet composite membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) supported on hydrophilic cellulose were prepared, and their performances in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for seawater desalination were also investigated. The simulated seawater of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was adepted as the feed. The dope solution consisted of PVDF, Triethyl phosphate(TEP) and Tween-20, and four conditions, 10、20、40 and 60 wt% triethylphosphate (TEP) solution were applied in the coagulation bath. From the observation by SEM, the surface pore sizeof membrane increased with the increasing of TEP concentration in the coagulation bath. The experimental results of DCMD showed that the membrane prepared from higher TEP concentration had a larger permeate flux because of its larger pore size on the surface. And increasing the feed temperature of the feed can significantly increase the flux, but the polarization phenomena become more serious, but the effect of increasing feed flow rate the effect is not obvious on the flux.
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