本文除探討德國極右主義於文化、政治、經濟三方面的成因與發展外，亦及於德國政府相關因應措施，如主要機關於憲法保衛體系內如何運作以確保極右思想無法實質破壞民主及人權等價值，並以哈伯瑪斯的「憲政愛國主義」為理論工具，檢視哈氏如何以一個超越種族的「法之共同體」公民概念反駁保守派學者之觀點，以解決德國因統一帶來的極右復燃問題，並為戰後德國實施之「防禦性民主」提供進一步的轉化軌道。最後，隨著全球化的挑戰，超國家或跨國政治機制等後民族國家思想已是大勢所趨，極右主義凸顯的問題點也從一國的層次提高至歐洲統合及全球化的過程中，各方之因應措施是否也已有所提升，值得省思。 German right wing extremism is well known because of WWII, but its root can track back in 17th century, such as conservatism, traditional Prussian militarism, Deutscher Sonderweg and the "historians'' quarrel" in 1980s. The division and reunification of Germany also made German government need to think about how to erase the gap between east and west Germany then rebuild national identity positively especially under the wave of globalization and European integration.
This article is going to analyze the background of German right wing extremism from cultural, economic and political aspects, then use Habermas''s "constitutional patriotism" as theoretical tool to exam how did German government react to right wing extremism by its "defensive democracy" and how "constitutional patriotism" helps to construct a deeper way toward rebuild national identity on the concept of "community of law".
