中共解放軍「全域機動」戰略轉型之研究 : 以中國高速鐵路之軍事運用為例

淡江大學機構典藏 > 國際事務學院 > 國際事務與戰略研究所 > 學位論文 > Item 987654321/104909

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题名:	中共解放軍「全域機動」戰略轉型之研究 : 以中國高速鐵路之軍事運用為例
其它题名:	A study on the transformation of PLA "omni maneuvering" strategy-taking military application of Chinese high speed railway as an example
作者:	鄧志忠;Teng, Chih-Chung
贡献者:	淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班黃介正
关键词:	中國人民解放軍;積極防禦;高速鐵路;全域機動;Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA);active defense;High-speed railway;omni maneuvering
日期:	2015
上传时间:	2016-01-22 14:42:32 (UTC+8)
摘要:	在中國大陸國務院發表的｢2010年中國的國防｣白皮書中，提及要讓「國防交通動員建設紮實有序」，強調「鐵道運輸」是保障軍事作戰的重要能量之一，並且將交通戰備建設融入到國家交通體系建設中，甚至置重點在於提高戰略通道保障能力、戰略投送及保障能力和交通搶運搶修能力。早在西元1948年時，當時的中共中央軍委制定的《鐵路軍運暫行條例》中便指陳：「軍事運輸為鐵路的第一等任務，在軍運計劃上，鐵道部無條件地執行中國人民革命軍事委員會之命令，保證軍運之安全、迅速與便利」，因此從中共自建政以來，一直將鐵道建設視於國防建設的一環。中國人民解放軍的軍事戰略強調「積極防禦」，其中陸軍部隊的軍種戰略，已由早年的「區域防衛」型戰略，向「全域機動」型的地面部隊轉變，除了積極研建可進行快速投送部隊之軍規制式載台之外，更以時速可高達200公里以上的高速鐵路做為解放軍兵力機動快速投送的選項；中國大陸境內的鐵路與高速鐵路平時可用於旅客交通運輸，促進國內經濟發展，達成國家戰略目標，戰時可轉為軍交運輸，用於軍事戰略之目的，因此透過高速鐵路的建設，不僅可奠定中國大陸境內的交通運輸基礎建設，在軍是運用上亦可彌補解放軍部隊遠程兵力投送輸具之不足，符合中共的「寓軍於民」、「平戰一體」之國防建設理念。建政以來中共在舊有鐵路基礎上，不斷以「提速」來增加列車運轉的速度，最後更汲取日本及歐洲高速鐵路經驗，決定另外修建「客運專線」以發展高速鐵路，迄今已擁有全世界規模最大、里程數最長、營運時速最快的高速鐵路網，本文自解放軍「積極防禦」的軍事戰略理論中探討中共是否可能藉由高速鐵路網路的建成，以達成軍隊「全域機動」的軍事目的。 In 2010, the Chinese national defense white paper has been issued. It has mentioned that the defense traffic mobilization must be in order and the railway transportation is one of the important elements in military operation. And let the traffic combat readiness to incorporate in the national traffic construction system, even to improving the supportability of national strategy passage, strategy transportation capability and traffic repairing capability. During A.D. 1948," the army transported provisional regulations of the railway" has pointed out that military operation is the first-class task of railway transportation. In the army transportation plan, Ministry of Railways carries out the order of the military committee unconditionally and must guarantee the security, fast and facilitating. So since the PRC In power, it has taken railway building as a part in there national defense construction all the time. The military strategy of the PLA emphasizes on “active defense”, and the army’s strategy is changing from area defense to omni maneuvering. Except the R&D about military delivering platform, the PLA choose the high-speed railway as the option of troops delivering. In peace time, the railway and the high-speed railway can be used in passenger’s communications and transportation, and bring about an advance in domestic economy to reach the national strategic goal, in wartime, it can be transferred to military transportation for the military strategy purpose. So through the construction of the high-speed railway, not merely can establish the capital construction of communications and transportation within the territory of Mainland China. But also the remedy for the capability lacking of long-range projection of the PLA to accord with the PRC’s national defense construction idea which are “building up military strength within civilian society” and “integrity of peace time and wartime”. Since they had taken over the sovereignty, The PRC was basing on the old railway system to increase the train’s speed constantly by drafting the experiences from Japan and Europe. In addition, they have determined to build up “the special line of passenger” in order to develop the high speed railway. Now, they have the largest scale, longest mileage and the fastest railway system all over the world. It is the purpose of this context that through the PLA “active defense” military strategy theory to understand whether PRC will achieve the“omni maneuvering” military objective or not by high-speed railway system building up.
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