美國企業獲利對兼職勞動力的衝擊影響： 以1993-2015為例

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Title:	美國企業獲利對兼職勞動力的衝擊影響：以1993-2015為例
Other Titles:	The behavior of US corporate profitability 1993-2015: assessing the impact of part-time workers
Authors:	馮美齡;Feng, Mei-Ling
Contributors:	淡江大學美洲研究所碩士班柯大衛;Kleykamp, David
Keywords:	企業利潤;兼職勞動力;全職勞動力;企業所得;格蘭傑因果檢定;US corporate profit;part-time labor;full-time labor;Granger Causality
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2016-01-22 14:20:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	企業所得不停增加之際，反觀全球失業率及通貨膨脹卻相對提高，形成經濟體系的不平衡，而這種現象不只在美國並也同時在全球各地發生，此外，仔細觀察勞工失業的狀況，多數企業只想要用低薪僱員，而低所得的勞工都常也不具有高等的職業技能，一但被裁員後，要再重回就業市場的可能性就大幅降低，這也形成失業率逐年增高的一項原因。當企業利潤逐漸攀高時，反觀勞動市場卻出現重大改變，表面上看來就業率似乎有緩慢穩定成長，事實上卻是兼職勞動就業成長，這些勞工不但沒有辦法享受到法律保障及企業福利，甚至可能無法長久保有工作，且由於就業型態改變，兼職勞工的工作選擇多為被動，多數人仍然希望選擇全職工作。勞工就職的不確定性增加，產業轉變、美國製造業衰退這些問題甚至可能造成更多非自願性兼職勞工，如此可能延伸出M型社會的極端化，企業利潤的成長使得高階經理人及管理階層更為富有，而一般勞力工卻可能只面臨薪資持平，甚至平均所得下降的狀況，加大社會中的貧富差距。若單就勞動力型態的研究結果而言，兼職勞動力的增加暗示低收入族群上升，全職人力需求條件則會走向高學歷及高技術，雖然可能勞動刺激勞工對於教育及技術學習的需求，但逐漸減少的全職工作機會卻可能使得更多勞工高才低用，非自願性的兼職工作成為貧富差距M型化的原因之一，節省下來的人力成本可以使企業獲利增加，轉變後的產業型態引導美國經濟對金融市場的依賴，若長久之後再次面臨經濟衰退時，則須提早制定更強健的應對方法。 The corporate income steady increase in business, on the other hand, global unemployment and inflation has not been improved from the recess economic system. This phenomenon is not only around the world and also in the US. In addition,the research of labor unemployment situation shows most companies want to pay lower salary, but expect these workers with high professional skill. When corporate profits are rising, the labor market has been a major change in the slow growth of employment. In fact, it is only part-time employment growth, these workers are not able to enjoy the legal protection and corporate welfare. Most part-time workers are chosen to work part-time. Most of them still want to have full-time jobs. The uncertainty of labor demand increases, the recession problem of manufacturing in the US may even cause more involuntary part-time workers, and also may extend the extremes M-shaped society. The growth of corporate profits makes managers and management richer, and general labor workers only have a flat salary or less average income. These situations will increase the gap between rich and poor in society.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of the Americas] Thesis

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