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    题名: 智利對阿根廷之外交政策演變(1982-2014)
    其它题名: Chile's foreign policy towards Argentina (1982-2014)
    作者: 蔡智強;Tsai, Chih-Chiang
    贡献者: 淡江大學美洲研究所碩士班
    王秀琦
    关键词: 智利;阿根廷;外交政策;國家利益;馬爾維納斯群島;Chile;Argentina;Foreign policy;National Interests;Malvinas Islands
    日期: 2015
    上传时间: 2016-01-22 14:20:15 (UTC+8)
    摘要:   本論文以歷史文獻搭配外交決策、國家利益、國際關係理論以及地緣政治密碼等四種層次的分析法,研究自一九八二年「馬爾維納斯群島戰爭」迄今智利對阿根廷外交政策之演變。有鑒於國際環境的瞬息萬變與偶發事件層出不窮,故本文採用三種國際關係理論:現實主義、新自由制度主義及社會建構主義,驗證不同時空背景之下,智利對於國家利益的定義及偏好轉變而執行不同之外交政策,冀望賦予本文更完整多面向的國際政治分析。
      智利在馬島戰爭中雖然並非直接當事方,卻迫於南美洲軍事失衡所造成的安全困境,冒著被拉丁美洲排擠的風險選擇與英國組成秘密軍事同盟共同對抗阿根廷,無疑顯示出冷戰時期「安全存續」為唯一至上的國家利益。然而隨著智、阿兩國政府相繼回歸民主之後,雙方歷經多年的溝通對話與合作,相互諒解並達成共識建立制度,除了陸續和平解決領土爭端,也達成兩國經濟及實體等多方面利益互惠,在「國際建制」的概念下促進國家多元發展。
      《智利-阿根廷和平友好條約》於二○一四年屆滿三十周年,《麥普整合協定》更緊密結合兩國關係,雙方聯手致力推動跨兩洋發展計畫及南美洲國家整合。智利在馬島主權議題,一方面發揮「利基外交」實力以扮演英、阿之調停者自居;但智利同時又聯合英國、巴西進行海上軍演,形成競合的外交立場。智利對阿根廷採取既支持又圍堵之雙軌外交政策,除了企圖加強本國「和平主義者」之國際形象並贏取南美洲國家好感之外,也符合智利在太平洋、大西洋及南極洲的傳統國家利益。

    關鍵字:智利、阿根廷、外交政策、國家利益、馬爾維納斯群島
      This paper is based on the international relations theory- Realism, Neo-liberalism, Social constructivism and Geo-political code under different historical background as the theoretical structure to explore the formulation of Chile’s foreign policy towards Argentina over the Malvinas/Falklands Islands dispute of sovereignty in order to analyze more comprehensively how Chile ajusts their foreign policy according to the change of preference and definitions of their national interests.
      The Security Dilemma and Military Imbalance in South America made Chile join the clandestine Anglo-Chilean Alliance against Argentina during the Malvinas War in 1982. It shows that in the atmosphere of the Cold War, "national security" undoubtedly was the supreme national interests. However, since the "re-democratization" of both Chilean and Argentine governments, the restart dialogue and mutual understanding established not only in dispute settlement mechanism but consensus on reciprocal cooperation to promote diversive development and bilateral integration under the concept of "international regime".
      2014 is the 30th anniversary of the “Peace and Friendship Treaty between Chile and Argentina”. Also the “Treaty of Maipú for Integration and Cooperation” has strengthened the current relationship between Chile and Argentina. The two heads of state acknowledge the need to make joint effort for the regional integration of South America. As regards to the Malvinas Islands sovereignty dispute, Chile adopts his advantage of "niche diplomacy" as a mediator between Argentina and U.K.; meanwhile, Chile hosted the naval exercises with Brazil and U.K. Chile is performing co-competitive position towards Argentina in this field. Nonetheless, the two-track foreign policy served Chile’s best interests to enhance his national image as a "pacifist", to win political identification from South American countries and to protect his traditional interests in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and Antarctica.
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