| 摘要: | 本計畫主要閱讀日裔加拿大女作家小川樂之作品《歐巴桑》，將從法國哲學家德希達討論的「悅納異己」與女性主義哲學家狄普洛絲討論的「寬容」兩個概念出發，探究小說《歐巴桑》中「他者」、「陌生人」與「身體」之主題；德希達的「悅納異己」關切對待「他者」之道，提出「悅納異己」的可能性與矛盾性，「悅納異己」與語言、倫理之關係，而狄普洛絲閱讀分析眾多哲學家針對「寬容」之討論，也是探討對待他者之道，寬容意味著「對他者開放」並涉及「身體性」的層面；本次的研究計畫以兩位學者的理論概念為基礎，分析小說《歐巴桑》中，國家（加拿大）如何對待日本族裔的他者，掌握權力、做為主體的國家如何鞏固其領土疆域，進而將他者排除於家園之外，使其成為陌生人，另一方面，失去家園庇護、地方領域的他者又如何以身體之所在為家，特別針對沈默的小說人物歐巴桑，探究「沈默」的他者，看似缺場，但又以自「身」為家，開放自我，實踐「悅納異己」與「寬容」的待客之道。
This research project aims to focus on the issues of the other, stranger, hospitality, generosity and corporeality in the novel, Obasan, written by the Japanese Canadian woman writer, Joy Kogawa. The analysis of the novel, Obasan, will be based on Jacques Derrida's discussion on hospitality and the feminist theorist, Roselyn Diprose's work on generosity. Derrida's discussion of hospitality is concerned with the way the other is treated or addressed, whether hospitality is (im)possible or paradoxical, and how hospitality is related to language and ethics. Relevantly, Diprose's studies on generosity involve "an openness to others" and corporeality. Starting with Derrida's hospitality and Diprose's generosity, this research project will discuss how the State (Canada) treats the other, i.e. the Japanese immigrants and the citizens of Japanese ancestry, how the State as the subject consolidates its territory by excluding the other, driving the other out of home, and turning the other into uncanny strangers. On the other hand, the project will further explore how the other, out of home and territory, can use the body as the other territory. In particular, the project will focus on the silent character in the novel, Obasan, who seems to be absent due to her silence, but actually embodies her presence and opens herself to perform the other's hospitality and generosity. |
