川柳裏日本人民的自然災害歷史：從明和大火（1772）到東日本大地震（2011年）

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Title:	川柳裏日本人民的自然災害歷史：從明和大火（1772）到東日本大地震（2011年）
Other Titles:	A People’S History of Natural Disasters in Senry?: from the Great Fire of Meiwa (1772) to the Great East Japan Earthquake (2011)
Authors:	包德樂
Contributors:	淡江大學英文學系
Keywords:	時事川柳;自然災難;日本文學;日本歷史記錄;日本流行詩歌;詩歌報告文學;在一般人群的思想史;災難的書寫;current events senryū;natural disasters;Japanese literature;Japanese historical records;popular Japanese verse;reportage in verse;history of thought in the general population;writing of disasters
Date:	2012-08
Issue Date:	2015-05-18 14:11:33 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本計畫探究１７７０年至今日本的「時事川柳」，此處簡稱川柳。多數詩文處理與嚴肅時事相關的議題，而與自然災難相關者眾。關注自然災難的目的在理解第一手經驗（報導文學），並以文化地理與歷史現象理解這些事件的影響。藉此，本計劃透過川柳整理一個民族史，推廣正蓬勃的文化（文學）地理學，增強學界對於川柳作為一文學形式在理論及實踐上的了解。透過英文翻譯，本計劃將介紹川柳，使其清晰與脈絡化，願其提供一個廣泛的視角。探討自然災難類的作品包括火災、水災、饑荒、颱風、暴雨、地震、海嘯與火山爆發。但不包括戰爭相關災難。雖許多出版文獻探討時事災難，本計畫仍可以提出四大獨特貢獻：第一，就文化再現與製造而言，將災難定位在特定的時間點，以便瞭解一般大眾對於自然災難的特別反應，及其如何凸顯相關歷史與社會衝突。第二，藉關注主要作者，即一般民眾，來建構川柳史，其本身亦以身為時代的歷史紀錄者聞名。第三，藉由劃定當代民眾諸多擔憂，記錄社會科學言說中的事件，此計畫將貢獻於生態與文化地理學研究（不限詩歌）。第四，延伸布郎蕭的《災難的書寫》，本計劃也將做出理論上的貢獻: 就理解川柳（發展自我的近作）及災難在文化、地理、歷史圖像上的意義。 This project intends to explore a vast archive of early modern (Tokugawa period) as well as modern and contemporary Japanese current events senryū (jiji senryū 時事川柳), referred to here simply as senryū. Such senryū are a form of popular traditional verse (haikai) originating in the late 18th century. Many of the recorded verses are not only light, playful ditties but written on serious topics related to current events, with an abundance of senryū composed on natural disasters, especially from periods when disasters plagued Japan. By focusing on the topic of natural disasters, the intention is to understand the impact of events as geographical and historical phenomena as well as cultural and first-person experiences (reportage). In this way, this project not only collates a people’s history in senryū but advances the recently developed field of cultural (or literary) geography as well as the theoretical and practical understanding of senryū as a literary form. This project would introduce senryū, translate them into English, clarify and contextualize them so as to bring together a wide spectrum of views found in these senryū and piece together supplemental details so as to present the ironic insights of everyday persons by way of the condensation of diverse discourses within a given senryū (Brink, “Cheerful Dissensus” 2012). The types of natural disasters treated will include fires, floods, famine, typhoons, heavy rains, earthquakes, tsunami, and volcanic eruptions. It will not treat war-related disasters. From texts examined at Waseda University Library many years ago, I have long been aware of the abundance of verses on natural disasters of the late Tokugawa (Bakumatsu) period, yet only with the historical, paradigm-transforming tragic events of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and the associated Fukushima Nuclear Disaster does a sense of a pressing need to situate and understand disasters within Japanese history and cultural geography present itself. Though there are many articles and books published exploring the current crisis, this project proposes to make four unique contributions: first, to situate disasters in terms of cultural representations and production at specific points in history, so as to understand the particular responses to natural disasters by everyday people in Japan and how peripheral historical and social conflicts played out in light of these occurrences; second, to focus primarily on the points of view of common, everyday people who form the majority of writers in this form, so as to compose a history in senryū, which is one of its well known functions (Taguchi 1995, 9); third, this project would contribute to ecological and cultural geographical studies by delimiting various concerns among contemporary people and documenting events within discourses in the social sciences (not only the poetry); and fourth, this project would make theoretical contributions to both the understanding of senryū (building on my recent work) and to the understanding of disasters – culturally, geographically, and historiographically – building on Maurice Blanchot’s The Writing of the Disaster. As such, the project is highly interdisciplinary and would appeal to scholars from diverse fields
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